概率统计是使用数学的方法处理和解释信息,并作出判断和决策的科学.概率统计在中学数学教材中占有重要地位,它对培养学生偶然中蕴含着必然的思想以及变与不变的辩证思维起到关键作用.在《课标》中被强调为“一个公民的必备常识”.同样,在《考试说明》中,对能力的考查是这样描述的,能力是指空间想象能力、抽象概括能力、推理论证能力、运算求解能力、数据处理能力以及分析问题和解决问题的能力.其中,数据处理能力是指会依据统计中的方法对数据进行整 Probability and statistics is the science that uses mathematics to process and interpret information and make judgment and decision making.Probability statistics occupy an important position in mathematics textbooks of middle school and implicate the inevitable thoughts and the unchanged dialectical thinking In the “course standard” is emphasized as “a citizen’s common sense.” Similarly, in the “test description” to test the ability is described as such, ability refers to the spatial imagination, Abstraction abilities, reasoning and argumentation ability, arithmetic solving ability, data processing ability and the ability to analyze and solve problems, among which, data processing ability means to process the data according to the statistical method