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目的了解大庆市职业卫生现状,为石油城市今后的职业病防治工作重点提供方向。方法现场调查并填写调查表。结果正式职工接触粉尘人数占总接触人数的15.9%,明显少于非正式用工接触粉尘人数占总接触人的比率(36.5%);正式用工职业健康检查人数占总接触人数的95.0%,而非正式用工职业健康检查人数占总接触人数的45.2%,正式用工的职业健康监护率明显高于非正式用工的职业健康监护率;2004—2008年5年间,在正式用工中共发现32例职业病病人,其中尘肺14例,尘肺的发病率为10.2/万;急性中毒14例、慢性中毒4例,与接触人数比职业中毒的发病率为4.4/万;非正式用工中共发现29例职业病人,均是尘肺,占接触人数的62.5/万,非正式用工的职业病发病率明显高于正式用工。结论以石油化工业为主的城市,职业卫生工作的重点和难点仍在粉尘行业中小企业的尘肺病防治上,应加强临时用工的职业健康监护。
Objective To understand the status quo of occupational health in Daqing and to provide direction for the future prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in petroleum cities. Method Field survey and fill in the questionnaire. As a result, the number of official workers exposed to dust accounted for 15.9% of the total number of contacts, significantly less than the number of informal contact workers (36.5%); the number of occupational health exams officially employed accounted for 95.0% of the total number of contacts, The number of occupational health check-ups for regular employment accounted for 45.2% of the total number of contacts. The occupational health guardianship rate for regular employment was significantly higher than that for informal employment. During the five years between 2004 and 2008, 32 occupational disease patients were found in formal employment, Including pneumoconiosis in 14 cases, the incidence of pneumoconiosis was 10.2 / million; acute poisoning in 14 cases, 4 cases of chronic poisoning, and the number of contacts than the incidence of occupational poisoning was 4.4 / million; 29 cases of occupational patients were found in informal employment were Pneumoconiosis, accounting for 62.5% of the total, the incidence of occupational diseases in informal employment was significantly higher than that of regular employment. Conclusion In the city dominated by the petrochemical industry, the focus and difficulty of occupational health work is still on the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis among small and medium-sized enterprises in the dust industry. Occupational health monitoring for temporary employment should be strengthened.