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挖掘机工况恶劣,作业时振动很大。其工作装置、销轴、挡板、支重轮、车身附件等处的螺栓容易松动。因此,各主机厂的使用说明书中明确要求,每隔一定周期(如250h)应检查、紧固某些关键部位螺栓。但这种方法无法杜绝螺栓松动,且很多关键部位螺栓在检查紧固周期之前就已松动,存在较大安全隐患。引起螺栓松动的原因是多方面的。需要从各个方面同时加以控制。本文结合挖掘机螺栓松动的典型案例,从刚度、振动、螺纹防松结构、预紧力、材料等方面探讨螺栓松动原因,并提出预防措施。
Excavator bad condition, vibration when operating. Its working device, pin, baffle, roller, body accessories such as bolts easily loose. Therefore, the instructions of each OEM expressly require that the screws of some key parts should be inspected and fastened at regular intervals (such as 250h). However, this method can not prevent the loose bolts, and many key parts of the bolt before the fastening cycle has been loose, there is a big security risk. The cause of loose bolts is multifaceted. Need to be controlled from all aspects at the same time. Based on the typical case of loosening bolt of excavator, this paper discusses the causes of bolt loosening from the aspects of stiffness, vibration, thread locking structure, pre-tightening force and material, and puts forward some preventive measures.