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世界语言多样性的研究最近有了突破性进展,不同区域语言的语音多样性差异明显。欧亚大陆,特别是东亚的语言语音复杂度最高,而非洲稍低,美洲和澳洲最低。全世界的语音复杂度呈现出从里海南岸向外的最大斜率的衰减。全世界语言的元音系统有着明显的分布规律。大多数语言具有5~7个元音,只有日耳曼语族和吴语方言发展出了12个以上的元音,吴方言中的奉贤偒傣话达到了最高20个元音音位。类型学上元音系统可以按照包含元音的性质分为数种形式。非洲只有3部式,欧洲、西亚、澳洲和美洲发展出4部式,只有东亚的汉藏语系、阿尔泰语系、乌拉尔语系发展出明确的5部式。而只有汉语发展出了最复杂的6部式。元音系统类型学的分布规律提示,语言的演化是有规律可循的。
Recent breakthroughs have been made in the study of the linguistic diversity of the world, with significant differences in the linguistic diversity of different regional languages. Eurasia, especially East Asia, has the highest verbal complexity of voice, while Africa is slightly lower and the Americas and Australia the lowest. The complexity of speech in the world presents a decay of the maximum slope outward from the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Vowel systems in the world have obvious distribution rules. Most languages have 5 to 7 vowels. Only the Germanic and Wu dialects have developed more than 12 vowels, and the Fengxian Dai words in Wu dialect have reached a maximum of 20 vowel tones. Typological vowel systems can be divided into several forms according to the nature of vowels. Only three parts of Africa, Europe, West Asia, Australia and the Americas have developed four parts. Only the East Asian Han and Tibetan languages, the Altaic language department and the Ural language department have developed a clear five-part style. Only Chinese has developed the most complex six-part style. The distribution of vowel system typology suggests that the evolution of language has a regular pattern.