鄂伦春族在母系社会和石器时代是什么经济状况,目前因缺考古实物和文字记载,尚难定论。我们只是根据明清二代史料,近代中外学者的史著,建国以来有关鄂伦春族的调查资料,以及我们与鄂伦春族同胞相处二三十年中的所见所闻,对于鄂伦春族解放前的狩猎经济方面的诸问题,作一重点论述;同时兼谈鄂伦春族能够长期保持单一狩猎生产而未过渡到农牧业生产,以及未能进入阶级社会的主要原因。 What is the economic status of Oroqen in the matriarchal society and the Stone Age? Currently it is hard to conclude that it is lacking of archeological objects and written records. We only based on the historical materials of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the history of Chinese and foreign scholars in modern times, the survey data about the Oroqen since the founding of the People’s Republic, and what we saw and heard during the 20 or 30 years that we lived with our compatriots in Oroqen. Economic issues, make a point of exposition; also on the Oroqen long-term maintenance of a single hunting without the transition to farming and animal husbandry, as well as the main reason for the failure to enter the class society.