国家所有制和集体所有制是两种公有制成份,调整和配置好它们之间的关系,形成适合社会主义初级阶段中国国情的新型公有制结构,是关系到经济发展,政权巩固的根本问题。我们认为,这种新型的公有制结构应以集体所有制为基础。马克思主义经典作家是从两个侧面来分析资本主义生产关系和生产力之间的矛盾。一是企业内部社会化生产同资本主义占有制的矛盾。企业内部社会化生产是由于生产资料的集中和共同使用,引起劳动的社会化,即许多人在生产过程中共同劳动,分工协作,共同完成某种产品的生产。二是企业外部的生产社会化同资本主义占有制之间的矛盾。企业外部的生产社会化是指在全社会范围内生产的劳动组织形式,也是社会生产力在各部门之间、经济区域 State ownership and collective ownership are two forms of public ownership. It is a fundamental issue that relates to economic development and the consolidation of political power to adjust and configure the relations among them and form a new type of public ownership structure that suits China’s national conditions in the initial stage of socialism. We think this new type of public ownership structure should be based on collective ownership. The classic Marxist writers analyze the contradiction between the capitalist relations of production and the productive forces from two sides. One is the contradiction between socialized production and capitalist ownership within enterprises. The internal social production of enterprises is due to the concentration and common use of means of production, which leads to the socialization of labor. That is, many people work together, divide their labor and work together in the production process to jointly accomplish the production of a certain kind of product. Second, the contradiction between the socialization of production outside the enterprise and the ownership of capitalism. The socialization of production outside the enterprise refers to the form of labor organization that is produced within the whole society and also the social productive forces between various departments and economic areas