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种子从入库保存至其发芽率降至更新发芽率标准的贮藏时间即为种质的安全保存期。在低温种质库以及室温等条件下,还未见有种质安全保存期的文献报道。本研究以水稻和小麦种子为例,分析了在国家长期库、广西中期库以及不同气候区室温保存的生活力监测数据,以了解种质安全保存期。结果表明,在国家长期库保存20~22年的3500份水稻和3279份小麦种子的生活力仍保持在较高水平;99%以上的水稻种子和96%以上的小麦种子在长期库的安全保存期超过20年。中期库保存17~19年的801份水稻种子中,有96%以上种子的安全保存期超过17年。水稻和小麦种子在6个气候区室温保存的监测结果显示,北方低温地区保存效果普遍好于南方高温地区,北方低温地区适宜含水量种子的安全保存期超过14年,可达中期保存要求。分析发现种子的安全保存期不仅与保存温度、种子含水量等保存条件有关,还与种子的初始质量、品种类型等诸多因素有关。
Seeds stored from storage to germination rate down to the updated germination rate of the standard storage time is the germplasm of the safe shelf life. In the low-temperature germplasm bank and room temperature and other conditions, the literature has not been found in the germline shelf-life. In this study, the rice and wheat seeds were taken as an example to analyze the monitoring data of vitality stored at the national long-term stocking, mid-term stocking in Guangxi and different climatic regions at room temperature in order to understand the shelf life of germplasm. The results showed that the viability of 3,500 rice and 3,279 wheat seeds preserved in the national long-term bank for 20 to 22 years remained at a high level; over 99% of the rice seeds and more than 96% of the wheat seeds were kept in long-term safety library More than 20 years. More than 96% of the 801 rice seeds preserved in 17-19 years of medium-term stocks have a shelf life of more than 17 years. The monitoring results of rice and wheat seeds stored at room temperature in six climatic zones show that the preservation effect in the northern low temperature area is generally better than that in the southern high temperature area and the safe storage period of seeds with suitable moisture content in the northern low temperature area exceeds 14 years and can reach the medium-term preservation requirement. The results showed that the safe storage period of seeds was not only related to storage conditions such as storage temperature and seed water content, but also related to the initial quality of seeds, the types of cultivars and so on.