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目的 探讨毒鼠强在家兔体内的毒物代谢动力学特点及活性炭经口灌胃后对毒鼠强代谢动力学的影响。方法 代谢动力学研究分为静脉染毒组、经口灌胃染毒组和排泄组,每组 4只家兔,静脉染毒组、经口灌胃染毒组家兔染毒后从耳中央动脉定点采血,排泄组家兔在留置胆道和尿道插管后染毒,定时留取胆汁和尿液;活性炭对毒鼠强代谢动力学的影响研究分为对照组与活性炭组,每组 6只家兔,经口灌胃染毒后,活性炭组家兔给予活性炭悬浊液灌胃,对照组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃,从耳中央动脉定点采血。所有样品使用气相色谱氮磷检测器法定量测定,并用 3p87软件对数据进行代谢动力学分析。结果 毒鼠强在家兔体内的排泄速度缓慢,静脉染毒组的排泄半衰期为56 9h,总清除率为 24 .1ml·kg-1·h-1,经口染毒组的排泄半衰期为 262 .5h,总清除率为 15. 4ml·kg-1·h-1。毒鼠强主要从尿液排出,其排泄量是胆汁的 5倍以上。给予活性炭灌胃后,毒鼠强代谢动力学各项参数与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义,活性炭组的排泄半衰期相当于对照组的55%,总清除率则提高了 3倍以上,曲线下面积只有对照组的 30%。结论 毒鼠强是排泄速率缓慢的毒物,经尿液排泄的毒物量明显大于胆汁,经口给予活性炭灌胃可以加快其从体内排泄。
Objective To investigate the toxicokinetics of tetramine in rabbits and the effect of activated carbon on the metabolism of tetramine in rats. Methods Metabolic kinetic study was divided into intravenous group, oral gavage group and excretion group, each group of 4 rabbits, intravenous injection group, oral gavage poisoning group rabbits after exposure from the center of the ear Arterial fixed-point blood collection, excretion group rabbits after indwelling bile duct and urethral catheterization, regular bile and urine; effect of activated carbon on tetramine metabolism study divided into control group and activated carbon group, each group of 6 Rabbits, oral gavage, the activated carbon group rabbits given activated carbon suspension gavage, the control group was given the same amount of distilled water gavage, from the ear central artery fixed-point blood. All samples were quantitatively determined using a gas chromatographic nitrogen-phosphorus detector and the data were subjected to a kinetic analysis using 3p87 software. Results The excretion rate of tetramine in rabbits was slow. The excretion half-life of intravenous injection group was 56.9 hours, the total clearance rate was 24.1ml · kg-1 · h-1. The excretion half-life of oral administration group was 262 .5h, the total clearance rate of 15. 4ml · kg-1 · h-1. Tetramine mainly excreted from the urine, its excretion is 5 times more than bile. After intragastric administration of activated charcoal, the parameters of rats’ strong metabolic kinetics were all significantly different from the control group. The excretion half-life of activated carbon group was 55% of the control group, while the total clearance rate increased more than 3 times. Curve Under the area of only 30% of the control group. Conclusion Tetanus is a slow excretion of toxic substances, the amount of toxic substances excreted by the urine was significantly greater than the bile, orally administered activated carbon can accelerate its excretion from the body.