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针对强激光能源系统对开关元件的要求,在比较高库仑量大电流气体开关的3种主要类型:三电极场畸变开关、两电极同轴结构开关、旋弧开关后提出并研制了强激光能源系统开关定型上应优先考虑的两电极同轴结构开关。对开关电极材料的选取进行了理论和实验上的探讨,为了减少电极的烧蚀,需选择比热、密度、相变潜热大、熔点高的电极材料。理论分析和15 kV、200 kA下的开关样机实验结果表明,高密度石墨较为适合做大电流气体火花开关电极,电极材料的显微结构对开关电极的烧蚀和寿命影响较大。
In order to meet the requirements of the switch components in the high power laser energy system, three main types of high current gas switches with high coulombs, such as three-electrode field-distortion switch, two-electrode coaxial structure switch and spin-arc switch, System switch stereotypes should be given priority to the two-electrode coaxial structure switch. In order to reduce the ablation of the electrode, we must choose the electrode material with specific heat, density, large latent heat of transformation and high melting point to select the material of the switch electrode theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analysis and switch prototype experiments at 15 kV and 200 kA show that high density graphite is suitable for high current gas spark switch electrodes. The microstructure of electrode materials greatly affects the ablation and service life of switch electrodes.