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[目的]通过对中学生进行屈光检查和家系调查来探讨高度近视的遗传病因和遗传方式。[方法]以眼科屈光普查和近视病因调查问卷的方式,对襄樊市区880名初三学生和1240名高三学生进行近视病因的调查分析,并从群体遗传学角度进行统计学分析。[结果]初三男生和女生高度近视比例分别为3.10%和3.27%,高三男生和女生高度近视比例分别为10.17%和10.48%;中学生高度近视者一级亲属中高度近视发生率高达46.72%。[结论]高度近视是遗传基础和环境因素相互作用的结果;高度近视是一种单基因遗传病,基本符合常染色体隐性遗传规律。
[Objective] To explore the genetic etiology and hereditary pattern of high myopia through the refractive examination and pedigree investigation of middle school students. [Methods] With the methods of ophthalmic refractive survey and myopia etiology questionnaire, 880 junior high school students and 1240 senior high school students in Xiangfan city were surveyed for etiology, and the statistical analysis was conducted from the perspective of population genetics. [Results] The rates of high myopia of boys and girls in the first three days were 3.10% and 3.27% respectively. The high myopia rates of boys and girls in high school were 10.17% and 10.48% respectively. The incidence of middle and high myopia among first-degree relatives in middle school students was as high as 46.72%. [Conclusion] High myopia is the result of the interaction between genetic basis and environmental factors. High myopia is a kind of single-gene genetic disease, which basically conforms to autosomal recessive inheritance.