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目的调查广西籍孕妇发生小细胞低色素性贫血的原因。方法采用已建立的技术和方法分析研究广西户籍小细胞低色素贫血孕妇个体的珠蛋白基因型和铁代谢状态及其他血液学指标。结果在所研究的384例小细胞低色素性贫血孕妇中,检出α-、β-、地中海贫血和缺铁性贫血病例中各为206例、103例、144例。据此得出广西籍小细胞低色素贫血孕妇的α-和β-地贫基因检出率为53.64%,26.82%,总的地贫检出率为80.47%;缺铁性贫血的发生率为37.5%,缺铁性贫血病例地贫基因检出率高达86.11%,地贫合并ID的个体占60.19%。此为还发现孕妇单纯性小细胞低色素症(MCV和MCH均降低,但不贫血)个体有更高的地贫基因检出率和携带率。结论该研究表明地贫是引起广西籍孕妇发生小细胞低色素性贫血特别是单纯性小细胞低色素症最主要的原因,其次是缺铁性贫血,地贫合并ID位居第三。对地中海贫血的孕妇围生期保健具有重要的临床意义。
Objective To investigate the causes of small cell hypochromic anemia in Guangxi pregnant women. Methods The established techniques and methods were used to analyze and analyze the globin genotype, iron metabolism status and other hematological indexes in pregnant women with small cell hypochromic anemia in Guangxi. Results Among the 384 pregnant women with microcytic hypochromic anemia, 206 cases, 103 cases and 144 cases were detected in the cases of α-, β-, thalassemia and iron-deficiency anemia. The results showed that the detection rates of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia gene were 53.64% and 26.82% respectively in Guangxi pregnant women with microcytic hypochromic anemia, and the total detection rate of thalassemia was 80.47%. The incidence of iron-deficiency anemia was 37.5%. The detection rate of thalassemia gene was as high as 86.11% in iron deficiency anemia patients and 60.19% in thalassemia patients with ID. It is also found that pregnant women with simplexcell hypochromia (MCV and MCH are reduced, but not anemic) individuals have a higher thalassemia gene detection rate and carrier rate. Conclusions This study shows that thalassemia is the most important cause of small cell hypochromic anemia in pregnant women in Guangxi, especially simple microcytic hypochromatosis, followed by iron deficiency anemia. Thalassemia combined with ID ranks third. The perinatal care of pregnant women with thalassemia has important clinical significance.