马丁·路德(1483-1546年)是德国宗教改革运动的最初发难者和路德派新教的创始人,是为德国独立奋斗的英勇战士。然而,对马丁·路德的评价,特别是对他后半生的评价,国内外史学家始终存在着很大的分歧。其中一个重大的分歧便是,路德成为著名的宗教改革活动家以后,在其政治观和宗教观上有无重大改变。笔者拟就路德在群众观、暴力革命、民主教会和政教分离方面的主张出现的前后不同变化,以及这 Martin Luther (1483-1456) was the first mover of German Reformation and the founder of Lutheran Protestantism, a heroic warrior who fought for Germany’s independence. However, the evaluation of Martin Luther, especially for the evaluation of his later life, historians both at home and abroad have always had great differences. One of the major differences is whether Luther has made any major changes in his political and religious views since he became a prominent activist for religious reform. The author intends to Luther in the mass view, violent revolution, the democratization of churches and the separation of church and state before and after the emergence of different changes, and this