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土压力问题是土力学和岩土工程领域的基本研究课题。土压力离心模型试验是验证土压力计算方法和研究土压力形成物理机制的有力工具。笔者研制开发的土压力离心模型试验设备,可用于刚性挡墙的静止土压力和平动模式下主动侧土压力的研究。该设备采用电机作为驱动系统,使得挡墙能够缓慢均匀地位移;配备有控制挡墙位移的自动控制系统,使得挡墙在离心加速度增大的过程能够保持静止状态。针对填土面水平、墙后填土为砂土的情况进行了离心模型试验,测量了墙背土压力及填土位移场随挡墙位移量的变化。试验结果规律好,验证了设备的有效性。
Earth pressure problem is a basic research topic in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Soil pressure centrifugal model test is a powerful tool to verify the earth pressure calculation method and to study the physical mechanism of earth pressure formation. The earth pressure centrifugal model test equipment developed by the author can be used for studying the earth pressure on the active wall of the rigid retaining wall and the earth pressure on the active side under the translational motion mode. The device uses a motor as a drive system, enabling the retaining wall to move slowly and evenly. Equipped with an automatic control system that controls the displacement of the retaining wall, the retaining wall can be kept in a quiescent state with increasing centrifugal acceleration. Centrifugal model test was carried out for the condition of fill level and sandy soil after filling wall. The pressure of back wall and the displacement field of filling earth were measured with the displacement of retaining wall. The law of the test result is good, which verifies the effectiveness of the equipment.