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作者认为企业间的联合是由商品经济运动中所出现的一系列社会化分工方面的矛盾引起的。分工的细化使得产品和设备“社会特殊需要”的功能突出,企业风险随之增大,因而企业内部与社会内部的分工需要一个比商品生产早期更为巩固的中介;社会生产力具有“趋优组合”的内聚力,要求生产力要素有较高的自由度,但生产力要素存在于具有排他性的各个经济实体之中。因此,必须寻找既承认企业内部权威,又有利于生产要素自由流动的新空间;生产力具有绝对变功性,生产关系具有相对的稳定性。所以生产力具体组织形式应该具有某种弹要性和微调功能;此外,现代生产力的发展有使企业日益趋小的趋势,而企业经营规模日趋扩大,解决的办法是组成二重规模经济,一方面使生产要素“趋小优化”,另一方面使经营要素“趋大优化”。通过考察处在社会主义初级阶段生产力在运动过程中的各种矛盾和特点,从而提高对社会主义商品经济条件下,我国生产方式特点和具体形式的认识是本文的出发点。
The author believes that the alliance between companies is caused by a series of contradictions in the division of labor that occur in the commodity economy movement. The detailed division of labor makes the “social special needs” function of products and equipment prominent, and the company’s risk increases. As a result, the division of labor within companies and within society requires an intermediary that is more consolidated than the early stage of commodity production; “Cohesion” requires that the productivity factor has a higher degree of freedom, but the productivity factor exists in the exclusive economic entities. Therefore, we must find a new space that not only recognizes the internal authority of enterprises, but also facilitates the free flow of production factors; productivity has absolute power, and production relations have relative stability. Therefore, the specific organizational form of productivity should have some sort of elasticity and fine-tuning function; in addition, the development of modern productive forces has the tendency of making enterprises increasingly smaller, and the scale of business operations is increasingly expanding, and the solution is to form a double-scale economy. To make production factors “small optimization”, on the other hand, the operating elements “bigger optimization.” It is the starting point of this article to examine the various contradictions and characteristics of the productive forces in the process of movement in the primary stage of socialism so as to raise the understanding of the characteristics and specific forms of the production methods under the conditions of the socialist commodity economy.