古代中国是个礼仪社会。社会上层交往,彼此的称谓都大有讲究。虽然大家都有名有姓,但平辈之间直呼其名还是不行的。平辈尚且不能直呼其名,长辈的名讳就更不能呼来道去,于是,就有了避讳这回事。所谓避讳,当然是上流社会的事儿,平头百姓,阿猫阿狗地叫着,基本上没什么讲究。但是,这样的平头百姓一旦读了书,有了功名,进入缙绅行列,就必须讲究。不讲究,就是自绝于士大 Ancient China is a ceremonial society. The top social contacts, each other's appellations are great stress. Although everyone has a name, but his name is not allowed to speak between his peers. The average generation can not address him by name, the elder's name can not even mention the name of the taboo, so there is a taboo it. The so-called taboo, of course, is a matter of upper-class society, flat-headed people, a cat terrier cried, basically no particular stress. However, once such a flat-headed people have read books, gained fame, and entered the gentry ranks, they must pay attention to them. Do not pay attention, that is, from the scholar