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非法证据排除规则是确保刑事证据证明正当性的一种证据可采性规则。我国刑事立法与司法活动中长期盛行着“重实体、轻程序”的法律观念,这种观念与人权保障、程序正义思想的缺失相联系,成为阻碍我国法律现代化的主要原因。证据立法的滞后,非法证据排除规则的制度性缺位,是这种法律观念、法律思想在制度层面的强烈体现。作为刑事法治的试金石,非法证据排除规则在我国的构建具有极其重大的历史和现实意义。本文将从国内外立法、司法实践的角度探讨我国刑事非法证据排除规则的构建,并对检察机关如何适用该规则作相应阐述。
The rule of exclusion of illegal evidence is a kind of evidence admissibility rule that ensures the justification of criminal evidence. The legal concept of “heavy entity, light procedure” prevailed in China’s criminal legislation and judicial activities for a long time. This notion is linked with the lack of the guarantee of human rights and the procedural justice, and has become the main reason that hinders the modernization of our law. The lag of evidence legislation and the institutional absence of the rule of excluding illegal evidence are the strong manifestation of this legal concept and legal thought at the institutional level. As the touchstone of criminal law, the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence in our country is of great historical and practical significance. This article will discuss the construction of the exclusionary rules of criminal illegal evidence in our country from the perspective of domestic and foreign legislation and judicial practice, and expound how the procuratorial organs apply the rules.