从19世纪70年代Pasteur和Koch奠定疾病的病菌理论,到20世纪50年代后新抗生素不断增加和疫苗在全球广泛应用,感染性疾病的发病率和死亡率显著下降。到60年代中期,人们战胜感染性疾病的信心异常高涨,一些乐观者甚至认为感染性微生物在很大程度上已被战胜。然而,艾滋病的流行和耐药微生物的出现彻底打破了这种乐观和满足 From the theory of germs laid by Pasteur and Koch in the 1870s to the rise of new antibiotics after the 1950s and the widespread use of the vaccine worldwide, the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases have dropped significantly. By the mid-1960s, people’s confidence in fighting infectious diseases had soared, and some optimists even thought that infectious microbes were largely defeated. However, the prevalence of AIDS and the emergence of drug-resistant microbes completely break this optimism and satisfaction