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“时态”、“语态”无论是在单项选择、完形填空、对话填空、翻译、短文改错、单词拼写的考查中，还是在写作的考查中都是“重头戏”。但是与汉语不同（汉语不需变化谓语而直接用时间状语体现时间或主谓宾关系），英语是不断变化谓语形式来体现时间概念及谓语与主语的关系，因此很多学生“谈时态、语态色变”。以下根据高考英语试题的命题特点，从六个方面来寻找解这类题的突破口。
一、 明确几组易混时态的用法。
1 一般现在时态和现在进行时态
① Light travels much faster than sound.（客观事实）
② She is visiting Canada.（现阶段正在做）
③ —Do you live here？（目前状况）
—No. I’m visiting my old friends these days. （现阶段正在做，体现暂时性）
④ I sometimes work until dawn.（经常会，习惯性动作）
一般现在时态表示目前经常发生或习惯性的动作，表示客观事实或主语目前的特征、状况、能力等。现在进行时态表示说话人正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的暂时性。
【经典考例】
① The house belongs to my aunt but she _______ here any more.
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live
C. hadn’t lived D. doesn’t live
② —I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
—Well， surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _______ now.
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned
C. is questioning D. had questioned
【解析】答案：① D ② B
① 表明了主語目前的状况和能力，用一般现在时态;②表示此刻正在进行的动作，又因是被动关系，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。
2. 一般过去时态和过去进行时态
① Yesterday I was writing a report and now I’m continuing to write it.（未完成）
② Yesterday I wrote a report and now I’m typing it.（已完成）
③ When you phoned I was talking with my foreign teacher.
（一般过去时态表示短暂的某一动作;过去进行时态为前者提供背景，起铺垫作用）
一般过去时态侧重于某动作在过去发生的事实，体现动作的完成性;过去进行时态表示动作在过去某时或某阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的未完成性和持续性。
【经典考例】
① I _______ you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it.
A. asked B. was asking
C. ask D. had asked
② —Has Sam finished his homework today？
—I have no idea. He ________ it this morning.
A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had done
④ —Did you see a man in black pass by just now？
—No， sir， Ia newspaper.
A. read B. was reading
C. would read D. am reading
【解析】答案：① A ② C
① 仅强调过去动作的事实，表示“已经告诉过”;② 从“I have no idea”及“this morning”可知“do the homework”并未完成，强调动作的持续过程。
3. 一般过去时和现在完成时
① I learned Java Language at college. （强调过去动作的事实）
② I have learned Java Language.（强调我学过，现在还掌握着，并有能力胜任某种工作，对现在有影响）
一般过去时态侧重于某动作在过去发生的事实，可以和具体的过去时间状语连用;现在完成时态所表示的事情发生的时间可能是过去，这个动作对现在产生了影响，或一直持续到现在。
【经典考例】
① —Did you tidy your room？
—No， I was going to tidy my room but I ________ visitors.
A. had B. have
C. have had D. will have
② Danny ________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A.works B. is working
C. has worked D. worked
【解析】答案：① A ② C
① 仅表示当时有visitors，对现在没有任何影响;② work这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，对现在造成影响，使“he is popular now”。
4. 完成时态和完成进行时态
① I have read David Copperfield.（完成）
② I have been reading David Copperfield.（还未完成，继续进行）
完成时态表示动作或状态的完成，而完成进行时态表示动作还会继续持续下去。
【经典考例】
① I got caught in the rain and my suit _________.
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
② Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School， where she ________ English for a year.
A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying
一、 明确几组易混时态的用法。
1 一般现在时态和现在进行时态
① Light travels much faster than sound.（客观事实）
② She is visiting Canada.（现阶段正在做）
③ —Do you live here？（目前状况）
—No. I’m visiting my old friends these days. （现阶段正在做，体现暂时性）
④ I sometimes work until dawn.（经常会，习惯性动作）
一般现在时态表示目前经常发生或习惯性的动作，表示客观事实或主语目前的特征、状况、能力等。现在进行时态表示说话人正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的暂时性。
【经典考例】
① The house belongs to my aunt but she _______ here any more.
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live
C. hadn’t lived D. doesn’t live
② —I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
—Well， surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _______ now.
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned
C. is questioning D. had questioned
【解析】答案：① D ② B
① 表明了主語目前的状况和能力，用一般现在时态;②表示此刻正在进行的动作，又因是被动关系，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。
2. 一般过去时态和过去进行时态
① Yesterday I was writing a report and now I’m continuing to write it.（未完成）
② Yesterday I wrote a report and now I’m typing it.（已完成）
③ When you phoned I was talking with my foreign teacher.
（一般过去时态表示短暂的某一动作;过去进行时态为前者提供背景，起铺垫作用）
一般过去时态侧重于某动作在过去发生的事实，体现动作的完成性;过去进行时态表示动作在过去某时或某阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的未完成性和持续性。
【经典考例】
① I _______ you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it.
A. asked B. was asking
C. ask D. had asked
② —Has Sam finished his homework today？
—I have no idea. He ________ it this morning.
A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had done
④ —Did you see a man in black pass by just now？
—No， sir， Ia newspaper.
A. read B. was reading
C. would read D. am reading
【解析】答案：① A ② C
① 仅强调过去动作的事实，表示“已经告诉过”;② 从“I have no idea”及“this morning”可知“do the homework”并未完成，强调动作的持续过程。
3. 一般过去时和现在完成时
① I learned Java Language at college. （强调过去动作的事实）
② I have learned Java Language.（强调我学过，现在还掌握着，并有能力胜任某种工作，对现在有影响）
一般过去时态侧重于某动作在过去发生的事实，可以和具体的过去时间状语连用;现在完成时态所表示的事情发生的时间可能是过去，这个动作对现在产生了影响，或一直持续到现在。
【经典考例】
① —Did you tidy your room？
—No， I was going to tidy my room but I ________ visitors.
A. had B. have
C. have had D. will have
② Danny ________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A.works B. is working
C. has worked D. worked
【解析】答案：① A ② C
① 仅表示当时有visitors，对现在没有任何影响;② work这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，对现在造成影响，使“he is popular now”。
4. 完成时态和完成进行时态
① I have read David Copperfield.（完成）
② I have been reading David Copperfield.（还未完成，继续进行）
完成时态表示动作或状态的完成，而完成进行时态表示动作还会继续持续下去。
【经典考例】
① I got caught in the rain and my suit _________.
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
② Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School， where she ________ English for a year.
A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying