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随着纳米科技在高分子领域的不断升温,高分子单链凝聚态的研究引起了人们的广泛重视。高分子单链以纳米尺度的微粒孤立存在,不存在分子链之间的几何缠结。本文综述了近年来国内外高分子单链的研究进展。首先介绍了高分子单链的主要制备方法如喷雾法、冷冻干燥法、微乳液聚合法、反向沉淀法以及表面扩展膜法,接着详细介绍了高分子单链的表征技术及高分子链构象的计算机模拟技术,最后介绍了高分子单链及单分子胶束在制备金属纳米粒子领域的应用,并展望了高分子单链的研究领域和方向。
With the continuous rise of nanotechnology in the field of polymers, polymer single-stranded condensed state research has attracted people’s attention. Polymer single-stranded particles exist in nanoscale, there is no geometric entanglement between the molecular chains. This review summarizes the research progress of polymer chains at home and abroad in recent years. Firstly, the main preparation methods of macromolecular single chain such as spray method, freeze-drying method, microemulsion polymerization method, reverse precipitation method and surface extension film method were introduced. Then the characterization of macromolecular single chain and the conformation of macromolecule chain Finally, the applications of macromolecule single chain and single molecule micelles in the preparation of metal nanoparticles are introduced. The research fields and directions of polymer single chain are also prospected.