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目的分析四川省狂犬病病例特征。方法收集四川省2007和2008年报告的480例狂犬病个案调查表,用Excel、EpiData软件进行数据处理和统计分析。结果男女性别比为1.78:1;农民占72.5%;伤人动物犬占97.3%,猫占2.7%,流浪动物伤人占49.4%,其中犬伤人病例中主动袭击占66.6%;共有54例病例有冲洗、消毒及注射疫苗,但依然发病。伤口未处理47.9%,自行处理32.7%,医疗机构处理19.4%,头面部暴露由医疗机构处理为48.1%;病例注射过疫苗的占16.25%,手臂和头面部暴露的注射疫苗率分别为66.7%和50.0%;16.3%的病例注射疫苗和免疫球蛋白后发病。结论四川省狂犬病病例仍以男性农民为主,伤口规范处理率低;注射疫苗后发病占一定比例。今后四川省狂犬病防治工作重点应为加强健康教育,提高规范伤口处理率,提高疫苗、免疫球蛋白注射率,控制流浪犬,同时对免疫失败者进行分析,探讨注射疫苗仍然发病的原因。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of rabies cases in Sichuan province. Methods A total of 480 cases of rabies in Sichuan Province in 2007 and 2008 were collected and analyzed by Excel and EpiData software. Results The sex ratio of male to female was 1.78: 1. Farmers accounted for 72.5%. Dogs were 97.3%, cats accounted for 2.7%, stray animals accounted for 49.4%, among them 66.5% Cases are flushing, disinfection and vaccination, but still disease. 47.9% of wounds were untreated, 32.7% were treated by themselves, 19.4% were treated by medical institutions, 48.1% were treated by medical institutions for head and face exposures, 16.25% were vaccinated in cases, 66.7% were vaccinated on arms and head and face, And 50.0%; 16.3% of cases after the injection of vaccines and immunoglobulins after the onset. Conclusions The cases of rabies in Sichuan Province are still dominated by male farmers, and the treatment rate of wounds is low. The incidence of rabies after vaccination accounts for a certain proportion. In the future, the focus of prevention and treatment of rabies in Sichuan should focus on strengthening health education, improving the treatment rate of wounds, improving vaccination and immunoglobulin injection rate and controlling stray dogs, and analyzing the causes of immunization failure in injecting rabies vaccine.