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b 型流感嗜血杆菌简称 Hib,主要感染5岁以下儿童,尤其是2个月～2岁的婴幼儿。因为此年龄段的婴幼儿体内缺乏足够的抵抗 Hib 感染的抗体。例如,上海地区5岁以下的儿童抗 Hib 抗体≤0.07ug/ml,远未达到0.185ug/ml 的保护水平。Hib 通过唾液飞沫进入人的呼吸道,侵入血液中繁殖,扩散至人体的多个器官,引起组织、器官的侵袭洼感染。脑膜炎和肺炎是 Hib 感染的两种主要疾病,还可发生败血症、会厌炎、关节炎、心包炎、骨髓炎等其他疾病。托儿所、幼儿园中聚集的婴幼儿更容易被感染并互相传播。由于国内普遍存在抗生素滥用的现象,使细菌对抗生素的耐药性上升,导致 Hib 感染得不到及时的诊断和有效的治疗,从而给患儿带来难以弥
Haemophilus influenzae type b is referred to as Hib and infects children under 5 years of age, especially infants and young children aged 2 months to 2 years old. Because infants in this age group lack sufficient antibodies against Hib infection in vivo. For example, Shanghai children under 5 years of age anti-Hib antibody ≤ 0.07ug / ml, far below the level of protection of 0.185ug / ml. Hib saliva droplets into the human respiratory tract, invade the blood to multiply, spread to multiple organs of the body, causing tissue, organ invasion depression infection. Meningitis and pneumonia are two major diseases of Hib infection. Other diseases such as sepsis, epiglottitis, arthritis, pericarditis and osteomyelitis may also occur. Infants and toddlers gathered in nurseries are more likely to be infected and spread to each other. Due to the prevalence of antibiotic abuse in China, bacterial resistance to antibiotics increased, leading to Hib infection without timely diagnosis and effective treatment, resulting in difficult to children with children