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近年来我国多座水厂出现因季节性硅藻暴发而引发的砂滤池堵塞、甚至停止供水的问题,但关于水厂常规处理工艺去除硅藻的研究却少见报道。为此,以南方湿热地区Z水厂为研究对象,调研了年际周期内其原水及各工艺单元中硅藻种类及数量变化,分析了各处理单元对硅藻的去除效果。结果表明,Z水厂共检出尖针杆藻等硅藻1 1种,12月—次年2月和5月-6月是硅藻暴发的高风险期,期间尖针杆藻数量高达(0.6~1.8)×10~6个/L,尺寸为100~300μm。预氧化和混凝沉淀工艺是去除硅藻的主要工艺单元,其对硅藻的去除率占总去除率的65%以上。回收水中硅藻数高达(5.0~7.2)×10~6个/L,高藻期间回流会显著增加水厂的除藻负荷。
In recent years, many water plants in our country have been experiencing clogged sand filters caused by seasonal diatoms outbreaks, and even stopped the water supply. However, there are few reports on the removal of diatoms by conventional treatment processes in waterworks. Therefore, taking the Z water plant in hot and humid area of southern China as the research object, the species and quantity of diatoms in raw water and each process unit in the interannual cycle were investigated. The removal efficiency of diatoms by each treatment unit was analyzed. The results showed that there were 11 species of diatoms detected in Z water plant, and the high risk period of diatoms outbreak in December-February and May-June was the highest, 0.6 to 1.8) × 10 to 6 pieces / L, and the size is 100 to 300 μm. Pre-oxidation and coagulation sedimentation process is the main process unit to remove diatoms, its removal rate of diatoms accounted for more than 65% of the total removal rate. Recycled water diatom number up to (5.0 ~ 7.2) × 10 ~ 6 / L, high algae during reflux will significantly increase the water algae load.