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《切韵》(其后身是《广韵》)是汉语语音史上一部最重要的著作,人们不但用它来研究汉语中古语音,而且还用它来前考上古音,后推现代方言。其历史价值,必然引起人们对其音系性质——语音基础十分地关注,故而研究者甚众,结论也大相径庭。众家结论可归纳为两大派别,一是综合派,认为《切韵》音系综合了六朝至隋的各地方言并包含了古代语音。章太炎说:“《广韵》所包,兼有古今方国之音,非并时同地得有声势:百六种也。”①何九盈说它是“大杂凑”。②黄淬伯说它是“综合语音”。③一是单一方言派,认为《切韵》音系的基础是当时某一特定方言,又分两小派,一主长安话,以高丰汉为代表,④这一派影响不大,现代学者大都不信从;一主洛阳话,以王显、邵荣芬为代表,⑤认为其音系基础是洛阳话,但也吸收了有限的古语和金陵等方言的音类。我们认为,《切韵》音系只能以六朝至隋代的一种活语言为基础,而这个方言就是当时的洛阳话,当然,在洛阳话的基础上,有限地吸收一些古音和方言音,是可能的,就象现代《新华字典》中也兼收一些古音和方言音一样。
The “Qiyun” (later “Guangyun”) is one of the most important works in the history of Chinese phonetics. People not only use it to study the ancient Chinese phonetics, but also use it to pre-test the ancient sounds and push modern dialects. Its historical value will inevitably cause people to pay very close attention to the phonological basis of its phonological system. Therefore, the researchers are very popular and the conclusions are very different. All conclusions can be grouped into two major factions, one is the comprehensive school, that “cut rhyme” phonology from the Six Dynasties to the Sui dynasties dialect and contains the ancient voice. Zhang Taiyan said: “” Guangyun “package, both the ancient and modern Fang Guozheng, non-parallel and have to have momentum: one hundred and six also.” ① He Jiuying that it is “big mess ”. Huang Huang Bo said it is “integrated voice ”. ③ First, a dialect of the dialect, that “cut rhyme” sound system is based on a specific dialect at that time, and divided into two small factions, an almighty to Gao Fenghan as the representative, ④ this school has little effect, modern scholars Most do not believe; a master Luoyang dialect, to Wang Xian, Shao Rongfen as the representative, ⑤ that its phonological basis is Luoyang dialect, but also absorbs a limited number of ancient Chinese and Jinling dialect sound classes. In our opinion, the “Qieyun” phonetic system can only be based on a living language from the Six Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, and this dialect is the Luoyang dialect of that time. Of course, on the basis of Luoyang dialect, it is limited to absorb some ancient and dialectal sounds , It is possible, just as modern Xinhua Dictionary also incorporates some ancient and dialect sounds.