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作文的材料从哪里来?来自生活,来自细致的观察,来自长期的积累。这诚然是不错的。但学生的生活经验不足,观察和捕捉生活中稍纵即逝的可用素材的敏锐程度毕竟有限。因此学生的作文中就难免出现编造的人物和事件,这些人和事大多让人一看便知它是胡编乱造的。对此,笔者以为:教者一味批评指责是不妥当的,而应当因势利导,教给学生一些“合理虚构”的方法和有关注意事项。 何谓“虚构”?——即凭想象造出来。何谓“合理虚构”?——即不违背艺术的真实(以生活真实为基础,通过概括、集中、提炼创造出来的具体生动的人物形象,表现出社会生活的某些方面的本质和规律)这一原则,虚
Where does the material for the composition come from? From life, from careful observation, from long-term accumulation. This is true indeed. However, the student’s life experience is insufficient. Observing and capturing the keenness of the available materials in life is limited. Therefore, in the students’ compositions, it is inevitable that there will be fabricated figures and events. Most of these people and things make people know that it is made up. In this regard, the author believes that: the teacher blindly criticized the accusations is not appropriate, but should take advantage of the situation, teach students some “reasonable and fictitious” methods and related matters. What is “fiction”? It is created by imagination. What is “reasonable fiction?”—that is, not violating the truth of art (based on the reality of life, and through the concrete and vivid characters created by summarization, concentration, and refinement, it shows the nature and laws of certain aspects of social life). One principle, virtual