一、先天性异常的定义: 先天性异常(Congenital anomalies,birth defects)是病因生前已存在,一般在出生或生后数年内发现的机能和形态异常。机能异常的代表如先天性代谢异常症、精神病等,这些异常多数不是在出生后立即发现的,相反,形态异常多数在生后即见到,后者通常称之为先天性畸形(Congenital mal-formations)。Warkany(1971)指出先天性畸形不只限于生下时可见到的外表畸形,也包括内脏或组织异常,这样,今后诊 First, the definition of congenital anomalies: Congenital anomalies (Congenital anomalies, birth defects) is the existence of the etiology, usually in the birth or years after the discovery of the function and morphological abnormalities. Representative abnormalities such as congenital metabolic disorders, mental illness, etc., these anomalies are not found immediately after birth, on the contrary, the majority of morphological abnormalities seen in life, which is often referred to as congenital malformations (Congenital mal- formations. Warkany (1971) pointed out that congenital deformity is not limited to the visible appearance of deformity can be seen at birth, but also includes visceral or tissue abnormalities, so that the future diagnosis