急性肾功能衰竭是一个临床综合征,即按照人体需要来调节尿量及成分的肾功能受到损害。其特点是扰乱了内环境的水和电解质的稳定,酸碱平衡紊乱,血尿素氮及血清肌酐升高、少尿或无尿。急性肾衰在新生儿期,因症状不明显或合并症不易辨认。在诊断及治疗上存在不少特殊问题,因此,死亡率高,但若能早期诊断,合理处理,亦可完全恢复。 Acute renal failure is a clinical syndrome that compromises the renal function of the urine volume and composition as needed by the body. It is characterized by disruption of the internal environment of water and electrolyte stability, acid-base balance disorders, elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, oliguria or anuria. Acute renal failure in the neonatal period, due to obvious symptoms or complications is not easy to identify. There are many special problems in diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the mortality rate is high. However, if it can be diagnosed and treated early, it can be fully recovered.