明末清初,基督教第三次传入中国,利玛窦、汤若望、南怀仁等传教士依靠其广博的西学知识服务于明清宫廷,成为宫廷了解西方和接受西学的媒介,对明清宫廷产生了重要影响。万历、康熙分别是明清在位时间最长的皇帝。传教士活跃于两朝宫廷。万历、康熙宫廷对待西学态度,有相似也有差异。由于帝王对西学态度的不同、国际环境的变化以及社会环境的改变,二者差异更为突出。同时中国传统文化与天主教的关系,也始终影响着宫廷对于西学的态度。 In the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, Christianity introduced to China for the third time. According to his extensive western knowledge, missionaries such as Matteo Ricci, Sourdorff, South Wyerenren served the court of Ming and Qing dynasties and became the court’s medium of understanding the West and accepting Western learning. The court had a significant impact. Wanli, Kangxi are the longest emperors in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Missionaries are active in the court of the two Koreas. Wanli, Kangxi court treatment of Western attitudes, there are similarities and differences. Due to the differences of emperors’ attitudes toward Western learning, changes in the international environment and changes in social environment, the differences between the two are more prominent. At the same time, the relationship between Chinese traditional culture and Catholicism has always influenced the court’s attitude towards Western learning.