[目的]了解火力发电厂职业病危害状况,为该行业从业人员的职业健康与安全提供参考。[方法]通过对原辅材料和工艺流程的分析,描述职业病危害因素的分布,通过现场调查及三家火力发电厂的检测数据分析,确定职业病危害控制的关键因素。[结果]燃煤发电厂存在着粉尘、噪声、高温、化学毒物(氨、氮氧化物、氟化物、硫酸、氢氧化钠等)、工频电磁场等诸多职业病危害因素,检测结果显示三家电厂除灰除渣系统、锅炉系统,以及运煤、制粉系统粉尘存在超标情况,各工序噪声也均有超标情况;两家电厂工频电场存在超标情况。[结论]燃煤发电厂关键控制因素为噪声、煤尘、矽尘、工频电场、氨、硫化氢。通过对关键控制因素的重点控制,需有针对性地进行职业病防护,保护劳动者的健康。 [Objective] To understand the status of occupational hazards in thermal power plants and provide references for the occupational health and safety of employees in this industry. [Method] Through the analysis of raw and auxiliary materials and process flow, the distribution of occupational hazards was described. Through field investigation and analysis of test data from three thermal power plants, the key factors of occupational hazards control were determined. [Result] There were many occupational hazards in coal-fired power plants such as dust, noise, high temperature, chemical poisons (ammonia, nitrogen oxides, fluoride, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide) and power frequency electromagnetic fields. Ash dross removal system, boiler system, coal dusting system and pulverized coal system have over-standard conditions and all process noise also have exceeded the standard. There are over-standard electric fields in both power plants. [Conclusion] The key control factors of coal-fired power plant are noise, coal dust, silica dust, power frequency electric field, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Through the key control of key control factors, the need for targeted occupational disease protection and protection of workers’ health.