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目的:探讨老年高血压患者体位性低血压(OH)与体位性高血压(OHT)的临床特征及护理风险防范。方法:选取2014年1月至2016年4月在我院治疗的老年高血压患者187例,测量各患者立位以及卧位血压,分析OH及OHT发生情况。结果:187例患者中发生OH 48例,OHT 24例,非OH和OHT 115例;OH和OHT患者年龄分别为(81.56±7.22)岁和(80.70±9.42)岁,明显高于非OH和OHT患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);≥80岁高血压患者OH和OHT发生率为40.91%和21.21%,明显高于65~79岁患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);OH和OHT患者合并冠心病、高脂血症、脑卒中的情况明显高于非OH和OHT患者(P<0.05);OH与OHT患者合并心血管疾病的比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:老年高血压患者易发生OH和OHT,且合并心血管疾病的比例高,需加强护理风险防范。
Objective: To investigate the clinical features of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and orthostatic hypertension (OHT) in elderly hypertensive patients and to provide a guardian of their risk. Methods: A total of 187 elderly hypertensive patients treated in our hospital from January 2014 to April 2016 were selected to measure the standing position and supine blood pressure of each patient. The incidence of OH and OHT was analyzed. Results: There were 48 cases of OH, 24 cases of OHT, 115 cases of non-OH and OHT in 187 cases. The age of OH and OHT were (81.56 ± 7.22) years and (80.70 ± 9.42) years respectively, significantly higher than those of non-OH and OHT (P <0.05). The incidences of OH and OHT in 40-year-old hypertensive patients were 40.91% and 21.21%, which were significantly higher than those in patients aged 65-79 (P <0.05), and the difference was statistically significant ; OH and OHT patients with coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, stroke was significantly higher than non-OH and OHT patients (P <0.05); OH and OHT patients with cardiovascular disease, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of OH and OHT in elderly patients with hypertension is high, and the proportion of patients with cardiovascular diseases is high. It is necessary to guard against the risk of nursing.