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通过田间观察和人工授粉等方法,对丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.)的开花生物学和繁育特性进行了初步研究。结果表明:丹参为无限开花植物,总状花序上通常有两性花近50朵,单花花期5～7d,从花前2d到开花6h花粉活力和柱头可授性都较大,两者有效可遇期约为1.5d,可同花自交;丹参自交结实和自然结实主要是通过同株异花传粉获得;结合花粉/胚珠比、杂交指数以及繁育处理的结果认为,丹参不存在无融合生殖,繁育类型为兼性异交,自交亲和,需要传粉者;传粉媒介主要是蜂类。初步推断丹参为常异花授粉植物,并对丹参育种中适宜采用的杂交方法及育种途径进行了探讨。
The flowering biology and breeding characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Were studied through field observation and artificial pollination. The results showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza was an inflorescence flowering plant. There were nearly 50 amphibious flowers on the raceme, and the flowering stage was 5 ~ 7 days. The pollen viability and stigma receptivity were both larger from 2 days before flowering to 6 hours after flowering. Both of them were effective The survival period was about 1.5 days, which could be the same as that of self-fertilizing. Salvia miltiorrhiza was self-pollination and natural fruiting which was obtained through iso-pollination; the combination of pollen / ovule ratio, hybridization index and breeding showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza did not exist Reproductive and breeding types are facultative heterosexual, self-compatible, need pollinators; pollinators are mainly bees. It is concluded that Salvia miltiorrhiza is an evergreen pollination plant, and the hybridization methods and breeding methods suitable for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge breeding are discussed.