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2014年12月6日—8日第九届全国高中英语课堂教学观摩研讨会在西安举行,我们有幸亲临现场观摩了来自各省市优秀老师生动精彩的现场授课。各位老师授课课型多样,有阅读课、写作课、听说课以及语法课。此外,在教材选用上不拘一格,除了北师大版和人教版教材外,有多位老师敢于突破和创新,采用自选或自改编的教材。观摩会上展示的优秀课例精彩纷呈,其中杭州高级中学汤沛、南京外国语学校杨梦、上海卢湾高级中学李伟、重庆巴蜀中学雷廷等老师的授课等都给我们留下了深刻的印象。尤其是武汉市第二中学的袁希荣老师呈现的人教版英语选修6《A Few Simple Forms of English Poems》让我们开阔了视野,受到了启迪。就高中英语教学而言,诗歌教学对于老师和学生都是很大的挑战。袁老师浅入深出,在短短30分钟的课堂上,将语言与情感自然融汇,唤起了学生的共鸣,展示出了扎实的专业功底和丰富的教学技巧。在此,我们摘取袁老师在授课过程中的精彩片段与各位同仁共赏。
教学片段一:教授Cinquain(五行诗)
袁老师充满感情地朗诵完Poem D,问:From the poem, can you taste the writer’s emotion? Does the writer like or dislike his brother?
学生:The writer likes his brother.
袁老师:How do you know?
学生:You can find “mine” in the poem. He is my brother, not yours.
袁老师:Actually, almost every word in the poem expresses a strong emotion of the writer, such as beautiful, athletic and especially mine. (此时板书emotion)The writer likes his brother very much. Although the poem has only five lines, we can still taste the strong emotional ties between the writer and his brother.
接下来老师又让学生齐声朗读Poem E,并提问:Does the writer like or hate summer?How do you know?
学生用诗歌中表达情感的词汇回答出老师的问题。
袁老师:So, from these two poems, can you find the structure of this kind of poem?
在学生总结的基础上,袁老师老师总结cinquain的结构和特点,并重点强调如何运用词汇表达情感。
【赏析】
cinquain这一类型的诗歌简短,学生容易掌握结构,但不容易领会这一诗歌形式所包含的内涵和情感,袁老师在教授时采用自己朗读,而后让学生齐声朗读的方式进行。根据《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》中语言知识八级目标中的要求之一“根据语音、语调了解和表达隐含的意图和态度”,袁老师通过动情的朗读,使学生体会到诗歌中所要表达的情感,契合了cinquain诗歌中对于情感(emotion)内涵学习的要求。接着又通过提问的方式,引导学生关注诗歌中词汇的选择,学生自己解释词汇的情感内涵意义(如mine),知道了词汇的选择能影响诗歌情感的表达,这恰恰符合了《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》八级目标中“运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等”的要求。
在有了第一首cinquain的学习经验后,学生能很快地判断出第二首cinquain的情感,并通过诗歌词汇进行分析,从而达到cinquain类型中对诗歌情感把握的学习目标。同时,cinquain结构及情感表达的学习为后面课堂的即兴创作做好了语言上的铺垫。这样的教授方式,让学生对五行诗有更深刻的体会,也更有助于学生用简单的诗歌表达对生活中美好事物的感受。
教学片段二:教授Tang Poem
袁老师:A poem is a speaking picture, and a picture is a silent poem. At the end of our handout, we have another speaking picture. Let’s follow the tape, and try to understand what the poem is about?
学生听录音,表示不知道具体是什么诗歌。
袁老师:It is an English version of a Tang poem. Let’s look its Chinese version. Which version do you like better?
学生:I like the Chinese version better. Not only because I like the rhyme but because I can taste the sad feeling of the poor woman. But in the English version I can’t find that.
老师: You are so excellent. That’s exactly what I have felt about the two versions. So that is to say, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the original work is lost. Therefore, when reading translated poems we need to have our own comments. Do you think there is any need to translate Chinese poems into English ones? 学生: Yes, poems can be bridges between the east and the west. They can help us understand each other better. It is a way to make the foreigners know more about our Chinese culture.
老师: I can’t agree with you more. As a Chinese poet Mu Dan wrote: Quietly, we embrace in a world lit up by words. Anyway, by comparing, we can have a better experience in culture difference.
【赏析】
英语教学的课程总目标明确提出了文化意识的要求,其中包括文化知识、文化理解和跨文化交际意识和能力三个方面的要求。通过接触和了解英语国家的文化有利于对英语的理解和使用,有利于加深对本国文化的理解与认识。《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》中文化意识七级目标中描述到“通过中外文化对比,加深对中国文化的理解”,而这段教学恰好体现了这一要求。在这段教学片断中教师引导学生从评析的角度去欣赏英译诗,巧妙地激发高中生批判性思维。这一思维让学生既体验到中西文化差异,也认识到无论翻译多好,原版诗歌本身的味道总是会有所流失。袁老师通过对比教学加深了学生对中国唐诗美的理解和崇敬,也让学生认识到在读英译诗歌的时候既要有自己的观点认识也要意识到文化交流传播这一目的。
教学片段三:总结五种类型诗歌
袁老师:From the poems above, we have tasted the wisdom and delight as well as beauty and passion. We learnt to appreciate these five different kinds of poems (nursery rhyme, list poem, cinquain, Haiku, Tang poem) from these five different aspects (rhythm, rhyme, emotion, picture, comments). We also experience the rhythm and rhyme, taste the emotion, enjoy the picture and convey our own opinions. After appreciating the simple forms of English poems, do you like to try your own poems?
学生:Yes, let’s try.
袁老师:Which kind of poem do you like?How about Cinquain. Do not forget the rules. Now, please write down your own poems.
学生即兴创作诗歌。
【赏析】
看多了pre-reading, while-reading和after-reading的教学模式,我们需要去探索更加多样化的教学模式和方法。袁老师的最大亮点在于她对这五种诗歌的学习都有一个明确的目标,分别从诗歌的节奏、韵律、感情、意象和评析这五个方面入手,分别对应到五种诗歌类型中去,并且正好能符合诗歌特点成功对应。从她的总结和板书可以看到,在结束诗歌类型教学时她已经很好地完成了这五个诗歌教学的目标,并且成功地让学生们清楚了解了这五种类型的诗歌。
唯一美中不足的是,最后学生即兴创作诗歌时,袁老师仅限定用cinquain这一种形式。如果可以更开放、大胆地让学生自由选择喜欢的诗歌类型进行创造,后面创作展示活动可能会更加丰富,评价起来也更有趣味性,更能培养学生对诗歌创作的兴趣,锻炼他们对更多不同词汇的恰当使用和情感把握。
教学片段四:学生展示即兴作品
袁老师:Let’s see who will be the great poet in our class.(鼓励完成作品的学生到黑板上展示自己的诗歌)。
学生1的作品:Dream
Sweet, sad
Chasing, sweating and achieving
Never let it go
Sticks
袁老师点评,鼓励学生体会诗歌中词的使用。
学生2的作品:Life
Changeable and unbelievable
Laughing, crying, struggling
Success and future too
Trying
袁老师点评:pay attentiong to your second line. How many words are required?
学生:Two words, not three.
学生3的作品: Kitten
Lazy, smart
Playing, eating, sleeping
Devil and angel too
Family
袁老师:I love your poem. Lazy, smart, devil, and angel are the words people quite familiar and they impress a vivid picture of Kitten on us. We can see how words convey writer’s emotion from this one. I am glad you are on the way to be a poet.
【赏析】
新一轮高中课程改革特别强调了对学生情感态度教育的关注,而教学语言和情感态度有着密切关系,通过诗歌创作的方式让学生表达情感,促进老师对学生情感和价值观的了解,帮助培养积极向上的情感态度。学生作品展示是整堂课的高潮部分。袁老师鼓励学生完成习作后,立刻板书到黑板上,并引导学生视之为荣耀,这极大地激发了学生的写作效率。最终,六位同学分享他们创作的五行诗。在点评过程中,袁老师用语得体,既纠正了同学诗歌中的小问题,也通过I love your poems等话语对学生进行鼓励。美中不足的是在点评过程中老师如果能够就学生本身创作出来的作品多提一些类似“Why do you choose this topic to write?”“Did you have a cat before?”等与学生诗歌创作相关的问题,则会更加了解学生的创作意图,体会诗歌中的情感表达,也能给他人启示。此外,老师可以鼓励同学之间互评,问他最喜欢诗歌中的哪一部分,而不是单一的让学生自己回答最喜欢哪一个部分,这样更能激发学生对诗歌的热爱。
整堂课有效实现了预定的教学目标,学生学有所获,是一堂非常成功的示范课。尤其是在教学过程中,充分利用诗歌这一文学形式,充分激发学生们的创作欲望,引导学生用简易英语诗歌表达情感,帮助学生培养积极向上的情感态度和艺术审美情趣,这一特点值得我们学习和借鉴。
当然,如同人无完人,课也没有完美的课。这篇文章标题为A Few Simple Forms of English Poems,因此主要目标是informs of English Poems,让学生知道这五种形式的英文诗歌。虽然袁老师在最后完成了这一目标,但是如果能在开头导入部分简洁一点,加入整体阅读,让学生快速找出来这几种形式的英文诗歌,并作出回答,则会使整堂课有从整体到局部,从主要内容到细节内容的设计,使得整个课堂逻辑上更加严谨。(作者单位:江西省南昌市第二中学)
教学片段一:教授Cinquain(五行诗)
袁老师充满感情地朗诵完Poem D,问:From the poem, can you taste the writer’s emotion? Does the writer like or dislike his brother?
学生:The writer likes his brother.
袁老师:How do you know?
学生:You can find “mine” in the poem. He is my brother, not yours.
袁老师:Actually, almost every word in the poem expresses a strong emotion of the writer, such as beautiful, athletic and especially mine. (此时板书emotion)The writer likes his brother very much. Although the poem has only five lines, we can still taste the strong emotional ties between the writer and his brother.
接下来老师又让学生齐声朗读Poem E,并提问:Does the writer like or hate summer?How do you know?
学生用诗歌中表达情感的词汇回答出老师的问题。
袁老师:So, from these two poems, can you find the structure of this kind of poem?
在学生总结的基础上,袁老师老师总结cinquain的结构和特点,并重点强调如何运用词汇表达情感。
【赏析】
cinquain这一类型的诗歌简短,学生容易掌握结构,但不容易领会这一诗歌形式所包含的内涵和情感,袁老师在教授时采用自己朗读,而后让学生齐声朗读的方式进行。根据《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》中语言知识八级目标中的要求之一“根据语音、语调了解和表达隐含的意图和态度”,袁老师通过动情的朗读,使学生体会到诗歌中所要表达的情感,契合了cinquain诗歌中对于情感(emotion)内涵学习的要求。接着又通过提问的方式,引导学生关注诗歌中词汇的选择,学生自己解释词汇的情感内涵意义(如mine),知道了词汇的选择能影响诗歌情感的表达,这恰恰符合了《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》八级目标中“运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等”的要求。
在有了第一首cinquain的学习经验后,学生能很快地判断出第二首cinquain的情感,并通过诗歌词汇进行分析,从而达到cinquain类型中对诗歌情感把握的学习目标。同时,cinquain结构及情感表达的学习为后面课堂的即兴创作做好了语言上的铺垫。这样的教授方式,让学生对五行诗有更深刻的体会,也更有助于学生用简单的诗歌表达对生活中美好事物的感受。
教学片段二:教授Tang Poem
袁老师:A poem is a speaking picture, and a picture is a silent poem. At the end of our handout, we have another speaking picture. Let’s follow the tape, and try to understand what the poem is about?
学生听录音,表示不知道具体是什么诗歌。
袁老师:It is an English version of a Tang poem. Let’s look its Chinese version. Which version do you like better?
学生:I like the Chinese version better. Not only because I like the rhyme but because I can taste the sad feeling of the poor woman. But in the English version I can’t find that.
老师: You are so excellent. That’s exactly what I have felt about the two versions. So that is to say, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the original work is lost. Therefore, when reading translated poems we need to have our own comments. Do you think there is any need to translate Chinese poems into English ones? 学生: Yes, poems can be bridges between the east and the west. They can help us understand each other better. It is a way to make the foreigners know more about our Chinese culture.
老师: I can’t agree with you more. As a Chinese poet Mu Dan wrote: Quietly, we embrace in a world lit up by words. Anyway, by comparing, we can have a better experience in culture difference.
【赏析】
英语教学的课程总目标明确提出了文化意识的要求,其中包括文化知识、文化理解和跨文化交际意识和能力三个方面的要求。通过接触和了解英语国家的文化有利于对英语的理解和使用,有利于加深对本国文化的理解与认识。《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》中文化意识七级目标中描述到“通过中外文化对比,加深对中国文化的理解”,而这段教学恰好体现了这一要求。在这段教学片断中教师引导学生从评析的角度去欣赏英译诗,巧妙地激发高中生批判性思维。这一思维让学生既体验到中西文化差异,也认识到无论翻译多好,原版诗歌本身的味道总是会有所流失。袁老师通过对比教学加深了学生对中国唐诗美的理解和崇敬,也让学生认识到在读英译诗歌的时候既要有自己的观点认识也要意识到文化交流传播这一目的。
教学片段三:总结五种类型诗歌
袁老师:From the poems above, we have tasted the wisdom and delight as well as beauty and passion. We learnt to appreciate these five different kinds of poems (nursery rhyme, list poem, cinquain, Haiku, Tang poem) from these five different aspects (rhythm, rhyme, emotion, picture, comments). We also experience the rhythm and rhyme, taste the emotion, enjoy the picture and convey our own opinions. After appreciating the simple forms of English poems, do you like to try your own poems?
学生:Yes, let’s try.
袁老师:Which kind of poem do you like?How about Cinquain. Do not forget the rules. Now, please write down your own poems.
学生即兴创作诗歌。
【赏析】
看多了pre-reading, while-reading和after-reading的教学模式,我们需要去探索更加多样化的教学模式和方法。袁老师的最大亮点在于她对这五种诗歌的学习都有一个明确的目标,分别从诗歌的节奏、韵律、感情、意象和评析这五个方面入手,分别对应到五种诗歌类型中去,并且正好能符合诗歌特点成功对应。从她的总结和板书可以看到,在结束诗歌类型教学时她已经很好地完成了这五个诗歌教学的目标,并且成功地让学生们清楚了解了这五种类型的诗歌。
唯一美中不足的是,最后学生即兴创作诗歌时,袁老师仅限定用cinquain这一种形式。如果可以更开放、大胆地让学生自由选择喜欢的诗歌类型进行创造,后面创作展示活动可能会更加丰富,评价起来也更有趣味性,更能培养学生对诗歌创作的兴趣,锻炼他们对更多不同词汇的恰当使用和情感把握。
教学片段四:学生展示即兴作品
袁老师:Let’s see who will be the great poet in our class.(鼓励完成作品的学生到黑板上展示自己的诗歌)。
学生1的作品:Dream
Sweet, sad
Chasing, sweating and achieving
Never let it go
Sticks
袁老师点评,鼓励学生体会诗歌中词的使用。
学生2的作品:Life
Changeable and unbelievable
Laughing, crying, struggling
Success and future too
Trying
袁老师点评:pay attentiong to your second line. How many words are required?
学生:Two words, not three.
学生3的作品: Kitten
Lazy, smart
Playing, eating, sleeping
Devil and angel too
Family
袁老师:I love your poem. Lazy, smart, devil, and angel are the words people quite familiar and they impress a vivid picture of Kitten on us. We can see how words convey writer’s emotion from this one. I am glad you are on the way to be a poet.
【赏析】
新一轮高中课程改革特别强调了对学生情感态度教育的关注,而教学语言和情感态度有着密切关系,通过诗歌创作的方式让学生表达情感,促进老师对学生情感和价值观的了解,帮助培养积极向上的情感态度。学生作品展示是整堂课的高潮部分。袁老师鼓励学生完成习作后,立刻板书到黑板上,并引导学生视之为荣耀,这极大地激发了学生的写作效率。最终,六位同学分享他们创作的五行诗。在点评过程中,袁老师用语得体,既纠正了同学诗歌中的小问题,也通过I love your poems等话语对学生进行鼓励。美中不足的是在点评过程中老师如果能够就学生本身创作出来的作品多提一些类似“Why do you choose this topic to write?”“Did you have a cat before?”等与学生诗歌创作相关的问题,则会更加了解学生的创作意图,体会诗歌中的情感表达,也能给他人启示。此外,老师可以鼓励同学之间互评,问他最喜欢诗歌中的哪一部分,而不是单一的让学生自己回答最喜欢哪一个部分,这样更能激发学生对诗歌的热爱。
整堂课有效实现了预定的教学目标,学生学有所获,是一堂非常成功的示范课。尤其是在教学过程中,充分利用诗歌这一文学形式,充分激发学生们的创作欲望,引导学生用简易英语诗歌表达情感,帮助学生培养积极向上的情感态度和艺术审美情趣,这一特点值得我们学习和借鉴。
当然,如同人无完人,课也没有完美的课。这篇文章标题为A Few Simple Forms of English Poems,因此主要目标是informs of English Poems,让学生知道这五种形式的英文诗歌。虽然袁老师在最后完成了这一目标,但是如果能在开头导入部分简洁一点,加入整体阅读,让学生快速找出来这几种形式的英文诗歌,并作出回答,则会使整堂课有从整体到局部,从主要内容到细节内容的设计,使得整个课堂逻辑上更加严谨。(作者单位:江西省南昌市第二中学)