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目的：探讨血管性痴呆患者颈动脉粥样硬化状况及血脂水平的变化。方法将60例血管性痴呆患者设为观察组，抽取同期进行体检的一般资料与观察组匹配的健康志愿者50名设为对照组，两组均予以高频彩色多普勒超声检查，检测颈总动脉、颈内动脉内-中膜厚度及内径，统计颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生情况，分析斑块性质，检测患者血脂水平。结果观察组颈总动脉、颈内动脉的内-中膜厚度显著大于对照组(P <0.01)，内径显著小于对照组(P <0.01)。颈动脉粥样硬化发生率(85.0%)显著高于对照组(28.0%)(P <0.01)，粥样硬化硬斑、软斑及混合斑发生率及血脂水平均显著高于对照组(P <0.05或0.01)。结论血管性痴呆患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生率高、血脂水平高，对颈动脉粥样硬化患者进行早期干预，可有效预防血管性痴呆的发生与发展。“,”Objective To explore carotid atherosclerosis and changes of blood fat levels in vascular demen-tia (VD)patients.Methods Sixty VD patients were assigned to observation group and 50 general data matched healthy volunteers selected from health examinees in the corresponding period to control group, high frequency color doppler ultrasonography was given to both groups to detect the intima-media thick-ness and internal diameter of common and internal carotid artery,the occurrence conditions of atheroscle-rotic plaques were counted,plaque’s qualities analyzed,and blood fat levels detected.Results Compared with control group the intima-media thickness of common and internal carotid artery was significantly greater (P <0.01),internal diameter smaller (P <0.01),the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis (P <0. 01 ),scleratheroma plaques,malacoplakia,and mixing plaques as well as blood fat levels higher (P <0.05 or 0.01)in observation group.Conclusion Carotid atherosclerosis incidence and blood fat levels are higher in VD patients,early interventions to patients with carotid atherosclerosis could effectively prevent the occurrence and development of vascular dementia.