在埃默里·埃利奥特主编的《哥伦比亚美国文学史》中，从美国内战后到一次大战前这个历史阶段的“主要声音”列出了四位：艾米莉·狄更生、马克·吐温、亨利·亚当斯和亨利·詹姆斯。狄更生能成为所谓的“主要声音”，这在以往是不能想像的。在几乎所有的美国文学史中，有关狄 In The History of American American Literature, edited by Emery Elliot, the “major voices” from the American Civil War to the pre-World War historic phase listed four: Emily Dickinson, Mark Twain, Henry Adams and Henry James. Dickinson can become the so-called “main voice”, which in the past could not be imagined. In almost all the history of American literature, Di