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我省有一些大、中型水库,在核算遭遇特大暴雨洪水时,多采用自溃坝作为保坝安全措施。即在非常溢洪道进口底槛上,加筑一道适当高度的土石坝。这一道土石坝在一定水位下既能起到予期的拦洪效用,而当超过一定水位时又能自动溃决泄洪,以防止库水位继续升高,及主坝安全,故名自溃坝。为了验证自溃坝设计的溃决条件,冲刷性能及其在运行上的可靠性,我们在嵊县南山水库现场按设计条件进行了坝体冲刷性能试验。现将试验经过及初步成果,分述如下:
There are some large and medium-sized reservoirs in our province. When accounting for the extremely heavy storm flood, we often use the self-defeating dam as the dam safety measure. That is, at the threshold of the very spillway entrance, add an appropriate height of earth-rock dam. This earth and rock dam at a certain water level can both play the role of expected flood control, and when more than a certain level of water can automatically collapse flood discharge to prevent the reservoir water level continues to rise, and the main dam safety, hence the name of self-dam. In order to verify the failure conditions, scouring performance and reliability of the dam design, we tested the scouring performance of dam body at the site of Nanshan Reservoir in Sheng County. Now the test results and preliminary results are as follows: