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目的通过了解近年来广西武鸣县学校法定传染病流行特征,为学校传染病防控提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对武鸣县学校传染病流行特征进行分析。结果2008—2012年武鸣县学校年均报告发病率1 906.52/10万,高于全县年平均发病率(χ2=3 616.54,P<0.01),发病率总体呈上升趋势。以呼吸道传染病中的各型流感、流行性腮腺炎、风疹以及接触传染病中的手足口病、急性出血性结膜炎为主。各类学校传染病构成与发病率不同,发病率从高至低依次是托幼机构、高中学校、小学学校、初中学校,各类学校发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=3 494 176.71,P<0.01)。结论学校是传染病疫情的高发场所。学校要落实好晨检制度、消毒、隔离措施和提高教师及保育人员知识;有计划地开展流感、流行性腮腺炎、风疹等二类疫苗的接种,加大健康宣教力度。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of legal infectious diseases in Wuming County schools in Guangxi in recent years and provide the basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of school infectious diseases in Wuming County. Results The average annual incidence of Wuming County schools from 2008 to 2012 was 1 906.52 / 100 000, which was higher than the average annual incidence of the county (χ2 = 3 616.54, P <0.01). The overall incidence was on the rise. In the respiratory infectious diseases in various types of influenza, mumps, rubella and contagious diseases in hand, foot and mouth disease, mainly acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. The morbidity and incidence of infectious diseases in all kinds of schools are different. The morbidity from high to low is nursery school, high school, primary school, junior high school and all kinds of schools. There is significant difference in the incidence rate (χ2 = 3 494 176.71, P <0.01). Conclusion The school is a high incidence of infectious diseases. Schools should implement a good morning inspection system, disinfection, isolation measures and improve the knowledge of teachers and conservation personnel; plan vaccination of two types of vaccines, such as influenza, mumps and rubella, and increase health education.