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奥地利神甫孟德尔(图1)从1856年起在自家后院用豌豆进行植物杂交试验。经过8年不间断的观察,他意识到生物体内存在着控制生物性状的东西,他称之为“遗传因子”。1865年,他发表了题为《植物杂交试验》的论文,阐述了生物遗传的基本统计规律。当时孟德尔的论文没有引起人们的注意。直到1884年他去世,仍然无人问津。1900年,三位互不相识的科学家:德国的柯伦斯、荷兰的德弗里斯和奥地利的
The grandson of Austria, Mendel (Figure 1), has been using a pea hybrid test in his backyard since 1856. After eight years of continuous observation, he realized that there are things in living organisms that control biological traits, which he calls “genetic factors.” In 1865, he published a paper entitled “Plant Hybridization Experiment” and described the basic statistical laws of biological genetics. Mendel’s essay did not draw the attention of people. Until 1884 he died, still nobody cares. In 1900, three acquaintances of scientists: Kerens in Germany, the Netherlands, the de Vries and Austria