近年来非典型分枝杆菌感染增多,与结核病鉴别诊断困难:①病理变化完全相同,均有肉芽肿形成和干酪样坏死;②一般为慢性病程;③病变最常累及肺,尤其肺上部,淋巴结也是病变的常见部位(特别在儿童);④抗酸染色细菌形态相似。两者的鉴别要点如下:①采集标本培养并作细菌学鉴定具有确诊意义,必须反复多次培养出同一种分枝杆菌才能作为诊断依据;②结核菌只寄生于人和哺乳动物,经呼吸道传染;而非典型分枝杆菌广泛存在于自然环境中,人与人之间不传染;③非典型分枝杆菌感染无类似原发性结核感染的表现;④非典型分枝杆菌的毒性比结核菌弱得多,致病的先决条件是宿主免疫功能缺陷;⑤结核菌素、纯蛋白衍生物皮试对结核病的诊断价值大,其它分枝杆菌抗原制剂不能替代;⑥所有非典型分枝 In recent years, atypical mycobacterium infection increased, and tuberculosis differential diagnosis difficult: ① the same pathological changes, both granuloma formation and caseous necrosis; ② is generally chronic disease; ③ lesions most often involving the lungs, especially the lungs, lymph nodes Is also a common site of disease (especially in children); ④ acid-resistant bacteria form similar. The identification of the two points are as follows: ① collection of specimens for bacterial identification and bacteriology identification with diagnostic significance, must be repeated several times to develop the same mycobacteria as a diagnostic basis; ② Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasites in humans and mammals, respiratory infections ; While the non-typical mycobacteria are widely present in the natural environment, no transmission between people; ③ atypical mycobacterial infection without the performance of similar primary tuberculosis infection; ④ atypical mycobacterium toxicity than tuberculosis Weakly, the prerequisite for pathogenic host immune function defects; ⑤ tuberculin, pure protein derivative skin test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, other mycobacterial antigen preparations can not be replaced; ⑥ all atypical branches