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中国史学,起源很早,源远流长。千百年来,史家辈出,史著如林。诚如清末的梁启超所说:“试一翻四库之书,……以史名家者,不下数百。兹学之发达,二千年于兹矣!”①直到近代,中国史籍之富,仍然是“其他国家所无与能比的”。②一部“二十四史”,不仅是中国古代的一大“绝学”,而且以“其数量之多,时间跨度之长以及记载的延续不断”而被西方学者叹为世界文化史上的一大奇观③。在中国古代儒术独尊、经学盛行的社会环境和学术气氛下,史学为什么能以对峙的形势与经学共执牛耳,成为学术文化领域的一大“显学”?在社会动荡、百家学绝的所谓“乱世”,史学这朵智慧之花为什么能够盛开不衰,一枝独秀?是什么力量导致了“国可亡史不可亡”的这种史学独尊倾向?显然,仅仅从统治阶级的政治需要这一角度来分析,是无法解释这些问题的。本文试图以中国传统文化这一大背景为观照点,从传统史家深层的心理需求出发,对此作些探讨。是否有当,待学术界师友教正。
Chinese history, originated very early, long history. For thousands of years, historians come forth in history. As Liang Qichao put it at the end of the Qing dynasty, “When we try to turn over the books of the Four Treasuries, It is still ”incomparable with other countries.“ ② ”A History of Twenty-Four Histories“ is not only one of the ”must-see“ schools in ancient China, but also ”one of the oldest“ in the history of world culture by ”many of its number, length of time span and continuity of records“ Big wonders ③. Under the social environment and scholarly atmosphere in ancient China where Confucianism was the sole prerogative and the Confucian classics prevailed, the reason why historiography was able to coexist with Confucian classics in the situation of confrontation became one of the most significant schools in academic and cultural fields. Why does this flower of wisdom in history blossomed and thrived? What force led to this historically exclusive tendency of ”the country can not die"? Obviously, it is only from the political needs of the ruling class From the angle of analysis, it is impossible to explain these problems. This article attempts to take the traditional background of Chinese culture as a backdrop, from the deep psychological needs of traditional historians, to make some discussion. Whether it is proper, to be academics teachers and teachers to teach.