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作为一项新兴的文化产业，网络游戏产业在国内尚属起步阶段，里面蕴藏着巨大的潜力。日前，被誉为“互联网女皇”的美国凯鹏华盈（KPCB）合伙人玛丽·米克，在《2017年互联网趋势》报告中指出，2016年全球互动游戏增长迅猛，在网络游戏方面，中国已超过美国，成为全球第一大游戏市场。另据国外数据机构统计，中国生产的《王者荣耀》已是全球下载量最大的游戏，注册用户已破2亿。如此“热闹”的网络游戏产业，其背后究竟隐匿着怎样的真相，潜藏着怎样的危机？监管者应怎样加强行业管理，遏制弊端？
监管失控，中小学竟成重灾区
据报道，2017年6月中旬的一天，杭州13岁男孩毛毛因手机被其父亲没收，玩不了《王者荣耀》的游戏，竟从四楼窗口跳了下去。家人赶紧把毛毛送进医院，但令其父母没有想到的是，这孩子从昏迷中刚醒来，竟然还挂念着游戏，立即向父亲索要手机，试图登录账号，并要钱买新的装备。“我太心痛太生气，不知道拿他怎么办，沉溺游戏太害人。”毛毛的父亲痛心疾首。
游戏是人类的天性，但孩子尚不是成熟的理性人。痴迷于《王者荣耀》这款游戏的，远不止毛毛一个。为采写本文，笔者向一位同窗旧友了解，她说她向来听话的儿子迷上这款游戏后，晚上经常悄悄起床玩，甚至有一夜两次偷偷爬进她房间，企图拿走藏在柜子里的下载了游戏的手机。孩子即将面临初一新生入学考，母亲心急如焚，却又无计可施。据国内媒体报道，《王者荣耀》的玩家中，中小学生占57%以上，而制作方腾讯公司对此数据表示否认。有杭州媒体记者通过对在杭州的几所学校的调查，发现在玩这款游戏的孩子多得超出预想，个别小学里，参与玩此游戏者占70%以上。
杭州夏衍中学分管德育的校长助理蒋潇潇，曾写下一篇名为《我怼天怼地怼“王者”》的文章，她惊悚于十来岁的男孩因母亲打断了他玩游戏，竟出手打母亲这样的新闻;揪心于孩子因沉迷于游戏而忘了学业、忘了校纪校规、忘了除游戏以外的一切的情状：“前两天，我在小区里听见三个小学生聊天，一名男生用少年宫的30张奖励卡换《王者荣耀》果冻卡贴，用荣誉去换这个成本仅几元的东西，只能说明这款游戏的魔性实在太大了。游戏崇拜已经到了很严重的地步！”
该校召开的一次家长会上，很多老师和家长纷纷痛陈游戏之害，一致认为在校园及家庭中对它予以限制、由相关部门强化对网络游戏的监管，已到了不容丝毫迟缓的地步。一位资深英语老师在连举数例后说，沉迷游戏对孩子的负面影响是巨大的，学习的专注力下降，课余时间不愿运动、不愿阅读，也不愿交流，所有的注意力和精力都倾注在游戏上面。“要毁掉一个孩子，就让他沉溺游戏。”这位英语老师喟叹。
嗜迷游戏，网络时代的“社会病”
关于游戏，有数量庞大的人群被裹挟其中。从迷恋到痴迷，直至进入狂热的爱恋，是一种社会性病症，它不僅出现在克制力薄弱的中小学生身上，同样也出现在大学生及年轻人群体、乃至中年人身上。
一位中年同事以万般忧虑的语调告诉笔者，他的儿子入读国内一所名牌大学，本以为儿子能造就学业、将来拥有理想的人生前途;然而一天他去看望儿子，发现寝室里的同学都捧着手机玩网络游戏，儿子也痴迷其中;一问才知该游戏与学业毫无关联，只是为了消磨时间、寻求刺激;有同学告诉，通过玩游戏可以挣到若干金钱，但这与大学生们所浪费的大好光阴相称么？这位同事大呼后悔，对儿子说：“早知道这样，当时就让你换一所大学、不上名牌了！”儿子哂笑道：“换到哪所大学都一样，现在哪个大学生不玩游戏？”
同事的儿子的说法难免夸张，但大学生痴迷游戏的现象的确已成了一个大问题。大学对学生的日常管理原本就较松弛，大学城里每到晚上更是见不到老师，而大学生除了攻读功课外，也少有娱乐消遣活动，网络游戏便填补了这一空白。手机的普及、手机功能的不断升级，尤其是游戏种类、内容、项目、刺激程度不断增加，使得不少大学生一发不可收地痴迷。如果说沉湎游戏，在中小学生尚有家长和老师过问，乏人管束的大学生就几近失控。报道说，省内某名牌大学的一名理科生，正是因为玩游戏而荒废了学业，无法再正常续读，校方不得不将其退学，而类似的惨痛结局绝非仅此一例。
在台州工作的朋友说，他的同事王女士发现，近段时间来，在上市公司做销售的丈夫一回家就捏着手机玩个不停，吃饭时、带孩子时也照玩不误，甚至还与客户一起玩，而对王女士无暇顾及，对家里的好多事情再无兴趣处理。“我很讨厌游戏，我们家百分之六七十的不和谐因素，都是因此而起。”王女士说，由于两人为此龃龉不断，从某种程度上说，网络游戏已成为社会性病症，伤害夫妻感情，破坏家庭和睦。
强化监管，祛除弊端方能健康发展
笔者从浙江省新闻出版广电局得悉，浙江作为全国网络游戏产业较为发达的省份，从事网络游戏开发、引进、制作生产的企业众多，几乎每天都有好几款游戏应市。由于不少人认定网络游戏有利可图，众多经营商携资进入此行，使得网络游戏产业快速膨胀，成为一个投资热点、乃至个别地方成为新的“经济增长点”。为了争抢玩家资源、吸引注意力，各路经营商使出浑身解数，不惜以“打擦边球”的方式推出所谓新产品，这也是目前网络游戏产业乱象丛生、殃及青少年身心健康的主要原因之一。
2017年初，一款源自俄罗斯的《蓝鲸死亡》游戏传入中国，迅速流行。与在国外一样，这款游戏很快在中国酿成一幕幕悲剧，在宁波、温州两地，多次发现网民组织《蓝鲸死亡》游戏，而“群主”往往正是青少年。令人惊讶的是，此类游戏竟能在国内“畅通无阻”，相关部门未予有效阻止。《王者荣耀》游戏的实名认证也形同虚设，用在百度上任意搜来的人名和身份证号码填入，即可很顺利地完成实名认证。很多孩子都知道上网玩游戏“很简单”。
針对当前网络游戏种种弊病，有识之士已在大声呼吁加强监管。2017年7月2日，腾讯公司发布消息，称将以《王者荣耀》为试点，率先推出最严防沉迷系统措施，限制未成年人每天登录的时长。然而，国家原“防沉迷系统”规定早已过时，在某种程度上目前尚处于法律法规“空白点”的网络游戏监管，远远滞后于游戏业本身的发展。
但是，对网络游戏，我们不该以“悲哀”来形容。网络游戏是把双刃剑，智者利己，有益于增长智力;愚者害己，沉迷其中，难已自拔。网络游戏要兴利除弊，需要全社会配合，除了制作商、经营商摒除只图经济效益、不顾负面效应的做法之外，学校、家庭应担负起教育引导的责任，文化执法部门的监管方法也有待于更新、强化，如提高游戏制作和经营商的入行门槛，加强事中和事后监管，严厉处罚违规违法者，同时制订相关行业标准，严格实施。家长和老师则正确引导孩子以更健康的生活和娱乐方式合理规范地利用，从而调整行为准则，锻造人格。
（本文图片由达飞欴提供）
A flourishing gaming industry is a brand new phenomenon in China. Some experts say there is still big room for Chinese electronic games to expand market presence both at home and abroad. According to some market analysts who watch the global gaming market， China overtook USA in 2016 to become the world’s biggest gaming playground. ， a multiplayer online battle game developed by Shenzhen-based Tencent and released in November 2015， is now the world’s leading game with over 200 million registered players in China alone. In May 2017 it became the highest-grossing mobile game in the world and it had 160 million monthly active users.
The top game is now being openly criticized in media for the negative impact it has afflicted upon some youngsters. It is reported that a 13-year-old boy in Hangzhou was so frustrated after he was banned by his father from playing the game that he jumped out of a window of the family apartment on the fourth floor. He was rushed to the hospital. The moment he came to， he urged his father to give back the mobile phone so that he could play the game. A mom complained that her son was so obsessed with that the boy sneaked two times into her room trying to get the mobile phone and play the game. The boy was about to sit for the middle school entrance examination. It was reported that primary and middle school students accounted for 57% of all the players of the top game， but Tencent said the data wasn’t correct. Some media reporters did a survey in a number of schools in Hangzhou and found that the game enjoyed popularity greater than thought previously. Even some kindergarteners were playing the game. In a primary school， about 70% kids were playing .
Zhejiang is a powerhouse of game development. There are many businesses engaged developing and operating online games. Almost every day sees a number of new games go online. Venture capitals are a vital force behind the exponential growth of the gaming industry. In some regions， the online game is considered a new economy growth engine. Some game businesses， in order to grab bigger market shares and attract players， use controversial and dubious measures and deliberately ignore some rules. That’s why the gaming industry looks a little bit messy and hurt some children and their unsuspecting parents. Several cases have been reported that some kids stole their parents’ savings and purchased in-game items. In July 2017， People’s Daily and Xinhua News Agency， two top national news media， published articles criticizing the social maladies caused by the obsession with and analyzing how the social problem could be brought under control. Game developers and parents are called to shoulder responsibility respectively.
On July 2， 2017， Tencent announced a group of practices to protect the young from spending too much hours on the game. Minors will be automatically kicked out if they stay in the game beyond the time limit. Tencent is being criticized for this inadequate policy. It is pointed out that it was based on a state regulation that many believe is outdated. Many people believe that the law lags far behind what’s happening in the cyber world. What is more， some kids have found a way to play the game as an adult as it wouldn’t be difficult to buy a false identification online.
Game developers and operators should do something about protecting the young. Government should regulate the industry more closely. Parents and school teachers should strengthen the guarding and guiding for children in a more responsible way.
监管失控，中小学竟成重灾区
据报道，2017年6月中旬的一天，杭州13岁男孩毛毛因手机被其父亲没收，玩不了《王者荣耀》的游戏，竟从四楼窗口跳了下去。家人赶紧把毛毛送进医院，但令其父母没有想到的是，这孩子从昏迷中刚醒来，竟然还挂念着游戏，立即向父亲索要手机，试图登录账号，并要钱买新的装备。“我太心痛太生气，不知道拿他怎么办，沉溺游戏太害人。”毛毛的父亲痛心疾首。
游戏是人类的天性，但孩子尚不是成熟的理性人。痴迷于《王者荣耀》这款游戏的，远不止毛毛一个。为采写本文，笔者向一位同窗旧友了解，她说她向来听话的儿子迷上这款游戏后，晚上经常悄悄起床玩，甚至有一夜两次偷偷爬进她房间，企图拿走藏在柜子里的下载了游戏的手机。孩子即将面临初一新生入学考，母亲心急如焚，却又无计可施。据国内媒体报道，《王者荣耀》的玩家中，中小学生占57%以上，而制作方腾讯公司对此数据表示否认。有杭州媒体记者通过对在杭州的几所学校的调查，发现在玩这款游戏的孩子多得超出预想，个别小学里，参与玩此游戏者占70%以上。
杭州夏衍中学分管德育的校长助理蒋潇潇，曾写下一篇名为《我怼天怼地怼“王者”》的文章，她惊悚于十来岁的男孩因母亲打断了他玩游戏，竟出手打母亲这样的新闻;揪心于孩子因沉迷于游戏而忘了学业、忘了校纪校规、忘了除游戏以外的一切的情状：“前两天，我在小区里听见三个小学生聊天，一名男生用少年宫的30张奖励卡换《王者荣耀》果冻卡贴，用荣誉去换这个成本仅几元的东西，只能说明这款游戏的魔性实在太大了。游戏崇拜已经到了很严重的地步！”
该校召开的一次家长会上，很多老师和家长纷纷痛陈游戏之害，一致认为在校园及家庭中对它予以限制、由相关部门强化对网络游戏的监管，已到了不容丝毫迟缓的地步。一位资深英语老师在连举数例后说，沉迷游戏对孩子的负面影响是巨大的，学习的专注力下降，课余时间不愿运动、不愿阅读，也不愿交流，所有的注意力和精力都倾注在游戏上面。“要毁掉一个孩子，就让他沉溺游戏。”这位英语老师喟叹。
嗜迷游戏，网络时代的“社会病”
关于游戏，有数量庞大的人群被裹挟其中。从迷恋到痴迷，直至进入狂热的爱恋，是一种社会性病症，它不僅出现在克制力薄弱的中小学生身上，同样也出现在大学生及年轻人群体、乃至中年人身上。
一位中年同事以万般忧虑的语调告诉笔者，他的儿子入读国内一所名牌大学，本以为儿子能造就学业、将来拥有理想的人生前途;然而一天他去看望儿子，发现寝室里的同学都捧着手机玩网络游戏，儿子也痴迷其中;一问才知该游戏与学业毫无关联，只是为了消磨时间、寻求刺激;有同学告诉，通过玩游戏可以挣到若干金钱，但这与大学生们所浪费的大好光阴相称么？这位同事大呼后悔，对儿子说：“早知道这样，当时就让你换一所大学、不上名牌了！”儿子哂笑道：“换到哪所大学都一样，现在哪个大学生不玩游戏？”
同事的儿子的说法难免夸张，但大学生痴迷游戏的现象的确已成了一个大问题。大学对学生的日常管理原本就较松弛，大学城里每到晚上更是见不到老师，而大学生除了攻读功课外，也少有娱乐消遣活动，网络游戏便填补了这一空白。手机的普及、手机功能的不断升级，尤其是游戏种类、内容、项目、刺激程度不断增加，使得不少大学生一发不可收地痴迷。如果说沉湎游戏，在中小学生尚有家长和老师过问，乏人管束的大学生就几近失控。报道说，省内某名牌大学的一名理科生，正是因为玩游戏而荒废了学业，无法再正常续读，校方不得不将其退学，而类似的惨痛结局绝非仅此一例。
在台州工作的朋友说，他的同事王女士发现，近段时间来，在上市公司做销售的丈夫一回家就捏着手机玩个不停，吃饭时、带孩子时也照玩不误，甚至还与客户一起玩，而对王女士无暇顾及，对家里的好多事情再无兴趣处理。“我很讨厌游戏，我们家百分之六七十的不和谐因素，都是因此而起。”王女士说，由于两人为此龃龉不断，从某种程度上说，网络游戏已成为社会性病症，伤害夫妻感情，破坏家庭和睦。
强化监管，祛除弊端方能健康发展
笔者从浙江省新闻出版广电局得悉，浙江作为全国网络游戏产业较为发达的省份，从事网络游戏开发、引进、制作生产的企业众多，几乎每天都有好几款游戏应市。由于不少人认定网络游戏有利可图，众多经营商携资进入此行，使得网络游戏产业快速膨胀，成为一个投资热点、乃至个别地方成为新的“经济增长点”。为了争抢玩家资源、吸引注意力，各路经营商使出浑身解数，不惜以“打擦边球”的方式推出所谓新产品，这也是目前网络游戏产业乱象丛生、殃及青少年身心健康的主要原因之一。
2017年初，一款源自俄罗斯的《蓝鲸死亡》游戏传入中国，迅速流行。与在国外一样，这款游戏很快在中国酿成一幕幕悲剧，在宁波、温州两地，多次发现网民组织《蓝鲸死亡》游戏，而“群主”往往正是青少年。令人惊讶的是，此类游戏竟能在国内“畅通无阻”，相关部门未予有效阻止。《王者荣耀》游戏的实名认证也形同虚设，用在百度上任意搜来的人名和身份证号码填入，即可很顺利地完成实名认证。很多孩子都知道上网玩游戏“很简单”。
針对当前网络游戏种种弊病，有识之士已在大声呼吁加强监管。2017年7月2日，腾讯公司发布消息，称将以《王者荣耀》为试点，率先推出最严防沉迷系统措施，限制未成年人每天登录的时长。然而，国家原“防沉迷系统”规定早已过时，在某种程度上目前尚处于法律法规“空白点”的网络游戏监管，远远滞后于游戏业本身的发展。
但是，对网络游戏，我们不该以“悲哀”来形容。网络游戏是把双刃剑，智者利己，有益于增长智力;愚者害己，沉迷其中，难已自拔。网络游戏要兴利除弊，需要全社会配合，除了制作商、经营商摒除只图经济效益、不顾负面效应的做法之外，学校、家庭应担负起教育引导的责任，文化执法部门的监管方法也有待于更新、强化，如提高游戏制作和经营商的入行门槛，加强事中和事后监管，严厉处罚违规违法者，同时制订相关行业标准，严格实施。家长和老师则正确引导孩子以更健康的生活和娱乐方式合理规范地利用，从而调整行为准则，锻造人格。
（本文图片由达飞欴提供）
A flourishing gaming industry is a brand new phenomenon in China. Some experts say there is still big room for Chinese electronic games to expand market presence both at home and abroad. According to some market analysts who watch the global gaming market， China overtook USA in 2016 to become the world’s biggest gaming playground. ， a multiplayer online battle game developed by Shenzhen-based Tencent and released in November 2015， is now the world’s leading game with over 200 million registered players in China alone. In May 2017 it became the highest-grossing mobile game in the world and it had 160 million monthly active users.
The top game is now being openly criticized in media for the negative impact it has afflicted upon some youngsters. It is reported that a 13-year-old boy in Hangzhou was so frustrated after he was banned by his father from playing the game that he jumped out of a window of the family apartment on the fourth floor. He was rushed to the hospital. The moment he came to， he urged his father to give back the mobile phone so that he could play the game. A mom complained that her son was so obsessed with that the boy sneaked two times into her room trying to get the mobile phone and play the game. The boy was about to sit for the middle school entrance examination. It was reported that primary and middle school students accounted for 57% of all the players of the top game， but Tencent said the data wasn’t correct. Some media reporters did a survey in a number of schools in Hangzhou and found that the game enjoyed popularity greater than thought previously. Even some kindergarteners were playing the game. In a primary school， about 70% kids were playing .
Zhejiang is a powerhouse of game development. There are many businesses engaged developing and operating online games. Almost every day sees a number of new games go online. Venture capitals are a vital force behind the exponential growth of the gaming industry. In some regions， the online game is considered a new economy growth engine. Some game businesses， in order to grab bigger market shares and attract players， use controversial and dubious measures and deliberately ignore some rules. That’s why the gaming industry looks a little bit messy and hurt some children and their unsuspecting parents. Several cases have been reported that some kids stole their parents’ savings and purchased in-game items. In July 2017， People’s Daily and Xinhua News Agency， two top national news media， published articles criticizing the social maladies caused by the obsession with and analyzing how the social problem could be brought under control. Game developers and parents are called to shoulder responsibility respectively.
On July 2， 2017， Tencent announced a group of practices to protect the young from spending too much hours on the game. Minors will be automatically kicked out if they stay in the game beyond the time limit. Tencent is being criticized for this inadequate policy. It is pointed out that it was based on a state regulation that many believe is outdated. Many people believe that the law lags far behind what’s happening in the cyber world. What is more， some kids have found a way to play the game as an adult as it wouldn’t be difficult to buy a false identification online.
Game developers and operators should do something about protecting the young. Government should regulate the industry more closely. Parents and school teachers should strengthen the guarding and guiding for children in a more responsible way.