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世界探明油气储量的空间分布很不均匀,其中中东地区的油气储量最为丰富。全球大油气田的分布可划分为27个聚集区,其构造类型可归纳为6类。从构造背景分析,以被动边缘型和大陆裂谷型大油气田为主。笔者扼要而综合性地介绍全球油气探明(剩余可采)储量、油气储产比、大油气田聚集区的地域分布及其特征,大油气田的发现与分布特征及其在油气储量中所占的比重与作用,大油气田形成区的大地构造类型,进而举例介绍典型大油气田的地质概况,如典型大油气田加瓦尔油田和乌连戈伊气田的油气地质特征。
The spatial distribution of proven oil and gas reserves in the world is very uneven, with the Middle East having the most abundant oil and gas reserves. The distribution of the world’s large oil and gas fields can be divided into 27 aggregation areas, the structure types can be grouped into six categories. From the tectonic background analysis, the passive-edge type and continental rift-type large oil and gas fields dominated. The author briefly and comprehensively introduces the global proven (remaining recoverable) reserves of oil and gas, the ratio of oil and gas reserves and reserves, the geographical distribution and characteristics of large oil and gas accumulation zones, the discovery and distribution characteristics of large oil and gas fields and their share in oil and gas reserves The proportion and role of the large geologic formations in the area where large oil and gas fields are formed, and then the geological survey of typical large oil and gas fields, such as the oil and gas geologic characteristics of the Gapar and Urengoy gas fields, which are typical large oil and gas fields.