Viral hepatitis C is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world and may cause serious hepatic diseases in the future. Hepatitis C-infected people account for approximately 2% to 3% of the world’s population. The main causes of hepatitis C infection in developing countries are unsafe medical injection and contaminated blood and blood products; whereas in developed countries, it is mainly caused by injection, drug abuse, and high-risk sexual behavior. The focus of hepatitis C prevention and control should be placed on safer blood supply, safer health care and related unnecessary injection, reduction of injection drug use, and high-risk sexual behavior because effective vaccine and postexposure prophylaxis are not yet available. Viral hepatitis C is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world and may cause serious hepatic diseases in the future. Hepatitis C-infected people account for approximately 2% to 3% of the world’s population. The main causes of hepatitis C infection in developing countries are unsafe medical injection and contaminated blood and blood products; while in developing countries, it is mainly caused by injection, drug abuse, and high-risk sexual behavior. The focus of hepatitis C prevention and control should be placed on safer blood supply , safer health care and related unnecessary injection, reduction of injection drug use, and high-risk sexual behavior as effective vaccine and postexposure prophylaxis are not yet available.