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阅读理解干扰项的设置其实有一定的规律可循，如果做题时能够把握干扰项的特点，准确捕捉选项的错误信息点或不合题目要求的信息点，迅速排除干扰项，对提高解题的准确率必将起到事半功倍的作用。一般说来，阅读理解中客观事实题的干扰项有以下几个特点：
1. 张冠李戴。
即把作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。或者是选项的答案并非是题干中主语的行为或观点，而是文中其他人物的行为或观点。
如，2007年的广州一模阅读理解B篇：
第二段：First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose.
第三段：Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility, to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement.
第四段：In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions.
第47题：According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people?
A. Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire.
B. Increase savings levels of people during their working years.
C. Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old.
D. Make available pensions for those who have retired.
解析：从上述节选的文段我们不难发现选项A是employers该做的，选项B是the individual应做的，选项C属于无中生有，只有选项D符合题目的要求，是government应采取的措施。
2. 偷梁换柱。
干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。
如，2007年广东卷阅读理解A篇第三段：
Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of clay according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout tire time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?
A. Counting the beating of one’s own heart.
B. Making use of candles, sand and water.
C. Observing shadows cast by the sun.
D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.
解析：此题中的答案D就是属于偷梁换柱的选项，此选项与原文的第三段的第一句的后半部分 but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time相差无几,但把to tell the time偷换成了busy day and night，从而导致了keep slaves (蓄奴)和keep slaves busy (让奴隶忙碌)的根本不同。
3. 无中生有。
干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。此外，干扰项也可能就是与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系。
如，2007年广东卷阅读理解B篇第五段：
In the first case, when we don’t tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect...
47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to_______.
A. lyingB. stealing
C. cheating D. advertising
解析：此题中的选项A和选项C就是属于我们生活中普遍接受的观点，认为在商店拿了东西却没有付款是“说谎”或“欺骗”，但原文中却用了“a type of thief”,所以答案应是B。
4. 鱼目混珠。
此干扰方法常用于字句理解题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替特定语境中的具体含义。
如，2007年广东卷阅读理解A篇第四段：
...Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.
44. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 means
A. state-owned houses
B. houses in very good condition
C. grand houses open to the public
D. houses where statesmen meet regularly
解析：选项A和D看起来好像与state有密切的关系，如不加以分析，仅是望文生义的话，那么，我们就会掉进命题者为我们设置的陷阱里。其实，由后文的museums一词，我们不难猜测“stately homes”应是向公众开放的诸如“博物馆”之类的场所，答案应为C。
5. 扩缩范围。
英语文章为了表达的准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almost all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，从而导致错误。
如，More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been slow. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday. This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Antony Jones.
问题：According to the passage, which of the following is True?
A. Company workers started to dress down about 30 years ago.
B. Dress-down has become an everydayphenomenon since the early 1990s.
C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.
D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
解析：此题中的选项B就是属于扩大了范围。原文提到雇主允许雇员在Friday穿较为随便的衣服，而不是every day，此题的正确答案为D。
针对阅读理解客观事实题干扰项的设置方法，我们不妨使用如下方法进行有效的回击：
1. 排除法。对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，予以排除。
2. 直接法。即读完文章后根据自己的理解和记忆直接选出问题的答案。
3． 查读法。即根据题干中的关键词，在文中进行相关信息的查寻与确认，再与题干中所提供的信息进行比较对照，得出答案。
责任编校 蒋小青
1. 张冠李戴。
即把作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。或者是选项的答案并非是题干中主语的行为或观点，而是文中其他人物的行为或观点。
如，2007年的广州一模阅读理解B篇：
第二段：First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose.
第三段：Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility, to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement.
第四段：In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions.
第47题：According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people?
A. Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire.
B. Increase savings levels of people during their working years.
C. Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old.
D. Make available pensions for those who have retired.
解析：从上述节选的文段我们不难发现选项A是employers该做的，选项B是the individual应做的，选项C属于无中生有，只有选项D符合题目的要求，是government应采取的措施。
2. 偷梁换柱。
干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。
如，2007年广东卷阅读理解A篇第三段：
Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of clay according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout tire time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?
A. Counting the beating of one’s own heart.
B. Making use of candles, sand and water.
C. Observing shadows cast by the sun.
D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.
解析：此题中的答案D就是属于偷梁换柱的选项，此选项与原文的第三段的第一句的后半部分 but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time相差无几,但把to tell the time偷换成了busy day and night，从而导致了keep slaves (蓄奴)和keep slaves busy (让奴隶忙碌)的根本不同。
3. 无中生有。
干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。此外，干扰项也可能就是与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系。
如，2007年广东卷阅读理解B篇第五段：
In the first case, when we don’t tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect...
47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to_______.
A. lyingB. stealing
C. cheating D. advertising
解析：此题中的选项A和选项C就是属于我们生活中普遍接受的观点，认为在商店拿了东西却没有付款是“说谎”或“欺骗”，但原文中却用了“a type of thief”,所以答案应是B。
4. 鱼目混珠。
此干扰方法常用于字句理解题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替特定语境中的具体含义。
如，2007年广东卷阅读理解A篇第四段：
...Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.
44. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 means
A. state-owned houses
B. houses in very good condition
C. grand houses open to the public
D. houses where statesmen meet regularly
解析：选项A和D看起来好像与state有密切的关系，如不加以分析，仅是望文生义的话，那么，我们就会掉进命题者为我们设置的陷阱里。其实，由后文的museums一词，我们不难猜测“stately homes”应是向公众开放的诸如“博物馆”之类的场所，答案应为C。
5. 扩缩范围。
英语文章为了表达的准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almost all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，从而导致错误。
如，More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been slow. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday. This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Antony Jones.
问题：According to the passage, which of the following is True?
A. Company workers started to dress down about 30 years ago.
B. Dress-down has become an everydayphenomenon since the early 1990s.
C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.
D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
解析：此题中的选项B就是属于扩大了范围。原文提到雇主允许雇员在Friday穿较为随便的衣服，而不是every day，此题的正确答案为D。
针对阅读理解客观事实题干扰项的设置方法，我们不妨使用如下方法进行有效的回击：
1. 排除法。对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，予以排除。
2. 直接法。即读完文章后根据自己的理解和记忆直接选出问题的答案。
3． 查读法。即根据题干中的关键词，在文中进行相关信息的查寻与确认，再与题干中所提供的信息进行比较对照，得出答案。
责任编校 蒋小青