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根据线粒体COⅠ基因序列,对华北地区梢斑螟属Dioryctria Zeller的微红梢斑螟D. rubella Hampson、芽梢斑螟D. yiai Mutuura & Munroe、大梢斑螟D. magnifica Munroe和冷杉梢斑螟D. abietella Denis & Schiffermüller共4种,9个不同地理种群进行遗传多样性研究,并以同族的渣云翅斑螟Oncocera faecella (Zeller)为外群探讨它们之间的系统发育关系.结果表明:(1)微红梢斑螟和大梢斑螟的亲缘关系较近,与芽梢斑螟和冷杉梢斑螟构成的姐妹群分别形成华北地区梢斑螟属的两大支系;(2)种内不同地理种群间的遗传距离(0.000～0.016)明显小于种间遗传距离(0.029～0.089),说明利用线粒体COⅠ基因序列研究梢斑螟属昆虫的系统发育关系是可行的.“,”The phylogenesis of 9 geographical populations from 4 Dioryctria species, D. rubella Hatnpson, D . yiai Mutuura & Munroe, D . magnifica Munroe and D. abietella Denis & Schiffermuller were investigated based on CO Ⅰ sequences, with Oncocera faecella (Zeller) as outgroup. The genetic distances and phylogenetic tree revealed that: (1) the 4 Dioryctria species could be grouped into 2 clades. D. rubella and D. magnifica were clustered as one group, while D. yiai and D. abietella were clustered as the other; (2) the genetic distances between the geographical populations were 0.000 - 0.016, significantly less than those between the species (0.029 - 0.089) , which indicated that CO Ⅰ sequences may be suitable for determining the phylogenetic relationships of Dioryctria species.