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目的了解宁波市感染性腹泻患者中轮状病毒感染情况和流行趋势,为防控轮状病毒腹泻提供依据。方法采集2 129份感染性腹泻患者粪便标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测轮状病毒A组、B组和C组;分析检出高峰与消长规律。结果从腹泻患者中检出轮状病毒核酸阳性52份,阳性率为2.44%,以A组感染最多,占检出核酸阳性的94.23%;轮状病毒全年均可检出,秋冬季节是检出高峰;不同年份其阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);以0岁~3岁年龄组阳性率最高,不同性别阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论宁波市轮状病毒腹泻以散发为主,能感染各年龄段人群,但0岁~3岁年龄组人群是感染的重点。应开展针对性的防控,在秋冬两季通过健康教育提高防病意识;接种轮状病毒疫苗,切断传播途径;加强监测,及时预警,减少轮状病毒性腹泻的发生。
Objective To understand the rotavirus infection and epidemic trends in patients with infectious diarrhea in Ningbo and to provide basis for prevention and control of rotavirus diarrhea. Methods A total of 2 129 stool specimens from patients with infectious diarrhea were collected. The rotavirus A, B and C groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The peak and growth pattern were analyzed. Results 52 cases were positive for rotavirus nucleic acid from diarrhea patients, the positive rate was 2.44%. The most common infection was in group A, accounting for 94.23% of all the positive samples. The rotavirus was detected all year round in autumn and winter (P <0.05). The positive rate was the highest in 0-year-old to 3-year-old group, and there was a significant difference between the positive rates of different sex (P <0.05). Conclusion The main distribution of rotavirus diarrhea in Ningbo can infect people of all ages, but the crowd of 0 to 3 years old is the focus of infection. Targeted prevention and control should be carried out to raise the awareness of prevention of disease through health education in autumn and winter. Inoculation of rotavirus vaccine should be cut off to prevent the spread of rotavirus diarrhea. Monitoring and timely warning should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of rotavirus diarrhea.