自然杀伤(NK)细胞是先天免疫和适应性免疫的前沿,是天然免疫的主要承担者,在对肿瘤细胞的监控系统中发挥着核心作用。由于肿瘤细胞的发生存在着多种机制,因此它们能够逃避NK细胞天然免疫的杀伤作用,研究发现,几乎所有的恶性血液病均存在NK细胞杀伤功能的异常。该文综述了血液系统肿瘤逃逸NK细胞监视的多种机制及其治疗的研究进展。 Natural killer (NK) cells are the forefront of innate immunity and adaptive immunity and are the main carriers of innate immunity. They play a central role in the monitoring of tumor cells. Due to the existence of multiple mechanisms in the occurrence of tumor cells, they can evade natural killer NK cell killing. The study found that almost all of the malignant hematological malignancies have NK cell killing abnormalities. This review summarizes the various mechanisms of NK cell surveillance of hematogenous tumor escape and the progress of their therapy.