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以浅红色凤仙花地方品种为试材,研究了不同浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0mg/mL)与不同时间(1、2、3d)的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)组合处理对凤仙花的诱变效应,以确定适合于凤仙花诱变育种的最佳剂量,并筛选出观赏价值高的诱变株系。结果表明:凤仙花种子发芽率、胚根长度、胚芽长度、幼根条数、出苗率、株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽及叶形指数均受药剂浓度和处理时间的影响,当浓度为40mg/mL处理时间为2d和3d时,发芽率为0。半致死剂量为2.0mg/mL处理2d,但此剂量不能获得较多优异的突变体,而0.5~1.0mg/mL处理2~3d却能获得较多的观赏价值较高的优良突变体。突变体的类型包括顶生花、一柄多花簇生、重瓣花、嵌合花、嵌合叶、花柄极度缩短及无主干等类型的突变体。花色也出现了深红、淡粉、紫红、粉白、淡紫红、紫色、粉红、白色、深紫、淡紫、粉紫、红色以及红白嵌合花色等10余种突变类型。在这些突变类型中,观赏价值高的单株有紫红重瓣花、深红间白色嵌合重瓣花、紫色重瓣花、淡粉牡丹型重瓣花、红色茶花型重瓣花、浅红间白色嵌合玫瑰型重瓣花、粉红蝶形重瓣花、一柄多花簇生型、花柄极度缩短重瓣嵌合花等9个。此外,处理以后的凤仙花花瓣色素物质和营养物质均发生了不同程度的变化。经逐代筛选,可望在其后代中获得新品种进行商品化生产,或为凤仙花育种提供理想材料。
Using light red Impatiens cultivars as materials, we studied the effects of different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg / mL) of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) Impatiens effect of Impatiens, in order to determine the best dose suitable for mutation breeding of Impatiens, and screened the ornamental value of mutagenic strains. The results showed that the germination rate, radicle length, germ length, number of young roots, emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width and leaf index of Impatiens seeds were all influenced by the concentration and the treatment time. When the concentration of 40mg / mL treatment time 2d and 3d, the germination rate of 0. The LD50 was 2.0 mg / mL for 2 days, however, more excellent mutants could not be obtained at this dose. However, 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg / mL 2 ~ 3d could obtain more excellent mutants with higher ornamental value. Mutant types include the top flowers, a flower of many flower clusters, double flowers, chimeric flowers, chimeric leaves, flower stalk extremely shortened and no backbone of other types of mutants. There are also more than 10 kinds of mutation types of dark red, light pink, purple, pink, purple, purple, pink, white, purple, purple, purple, red and red and white mosaic colors. Among these mutant types, the plants with high ornamental value are purple-red double flower, red-black white mosaic double flower, purple double flower, pale pink peony-type double flower, red camellia double flower, White mosaic rose double flower, pink butterfly double flower, a multi-flower cluster, the flower handle extremely shortened petals chimeric 9. In addition, the treatment of impatiens petals after pigment material and nutrients have taken place in varying degrees of change. After screening one by one, it is expected to obtain new varieties in their offspring for commercial production or to provide the ideal material for impatiens breeding.