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【目的】检疫害虫葡萄根瘤蚜Daktulosphaira vitifoliae已经在我国多个地区葡萄园发现为害,直接影响葡萄生长;前期实验发现烟草水浸提液可有效控制离体根上根瘤蚜的存活率,本研究进一步开展盆栽验证,探讨烟草水浸提液对葡萄根瘤蚜侵染的控制效应及葡萄植株生长抑制的缓解作用。【方法】以两年生温室盆栽‘巨峰’自根苗为实验材料,接种根瘤蚜虫卵35 d后进行烟草水浸提液处理,处理后测定供试植株的根结数、生长量、根系活力、叶片光合速率及叶绿素荧光等指标。【结果】20 mg/m L和50 mg/m L的烟草水浸提液对根瘤蚜均有一定程度的抑制作用,施药21 d后,葡萄根部的新增根结数分别比侵染对照下降了42.9%和52.8%。烟草水浸提液处理还在一定程度上缓解了根瘤蚜侵染对植株的光合能力和荧光的抑制作用。20 mg/m L和50 mg/m L烟草水浸提液处理的株高分别比侵染对照提高了57.1%和7.7%;根瘤蚜侵染降低了土壤中真菌、细菌和放线菌的数量,烟草水浸提液处理进一步降低了真菌和放线菌的数量,降低了由微生物带来的次生侵染几率。【结论】烟草水浸提液对葡萄根瘤蚜的侵染具有控制效果,并可对葡萄根瘤蚜侵染已造成的寄主危害有一定的缓解作用。
【Objective】 Quarantine pest Daktulosphaira vitifoliae has been found in many vineyards in China, which directly affects the growth of grape. Previous studies showed that the aqueous extract of tobacco can effectively control the survival rate of root aphids on isolated roots, and this study was further developed Pot experiment to investigate the control effect of aqueous extract of tobacco on phytophagous phytophagous aphid infection and the alleviating effect of grape plant growth inhibition. 【Method】 Two-year-old greenhouse seedlings of ’Kyoho’ self-rooted seedlings were used as experimental material. After inoculation of root aphids eggs for 35 days, tobacco root extracts were treated with water extract of roots. After treatment, the root knot number, Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence and other indicators. 【Result】 The results showed that 20 mg / m L and 50 mg / m L of tobacco water extracts had a certain degree of inhibition on Phylloxera aphids, and 21 days after application, A decrease of 42.9% and 52.8%. Tobacco water extract treatment to a certain extent, alleviate the inhibition of photosynthetic capacity and fluorescence of the plant aphid infection. The plant height of 20 mg / m L and 50 mg / m L tobacco extracts increased by 57.1% and 7.7%, respectively, compared with the control. The number of fungi, bacteria and actinomyces , Tobacco extract further reduce the number of fungi and actinomycetes, reducing the chance of secondary infection by microorganisms. 【Conclusion】 The aqueous extract of tobacco has a control effect on the infection of grape phylloxera, and may alleviate the host damage caused by the infection of grape phylloxera.