论文部分内容阅读
当前,我国财富不平等程度十分严重,收入基尼系数已超过0.4的国际警戒线,而财富基尼系数则高达0.7左右。财富不平等的形成机制错综复杂,从制度因素、政策因素、资产泡沫以及市场机制四个方面对财富不平等形成机制进行分析显示:在制度因素方面,私有制经济的发展、价格双轨制、中小国有企业产权私有化改革、住房商品化制度改革、部分政府官员与国企高管利用公共权力设租寻租等制度因素都导致财富向少数群体集聚,扩大了财富不平等;在政策因素方面,政府的资本、东部与城市偏向型政策造成财富向资本所有者、东部以及城市集聚的趋势,扩大了财富不平等;在资产泡沫方面,房地产、股市以及资源泡沫使少数群体利用金融杠杆或政策漏洞完成原始积累,占有巨额财富,扩大了财富不平等;在市场机制方面,金融悖论使资金流向富人,而远离穷人,出现财富分化。为了缩小财富不平等,建议:制度方面,要防止国有资产内部人控制,需加大反腐力度;政策方面,使政府的资本偏向型政策向劳动偏向型政策转变;资产泡沫方面,要防止脱实向虚;市场机制方面,政府需对财富分配进行干预,避免社会财富过分集中。
At present, China’s wealth inequality is very serious. The Gini coefficient of income has exceeded the international warning line of 0.4, while the wealth Gini coefficient is as high as 0.7 or so. The formation mechanism of wealth inequality is complex. The analysis of the formation mechanism of wealth inequality from the aspects of institutional factors, policy factors, asset bubbles and market mechanisms shows that in terms of institutional factors, the development of private-owned economy, the double price system, the property rights of small and medium- Privatization reform, the reform of housing commercialization system, the use of public power by some government officials and state-owned enterprises, rent-seeking and other institutional factors led to the accumulation of wealth to minority groups and the expansion of wealth inequality. As for the policy factors, the government’s capital, In the asset bubble, real estate, stock market and resource bubbles make minorities use the financial leverage or policy loopholes to complete the original accumulation. In the capital bubble, Possessing huge wealth and expanding wealth inequality; in the market mechanism, financial paradoxes have led to the flow of funds to the rich, away from the poor, and the diversification of wealth. In order to reduce the wealth inequality, it is suggested that in the aspect of system, we should prevent the internal control of the state-owned assets and increase the anti-corruption efforts. In terms of policies, we should shift the government’s capital-biased policies to labor-oriented ones. In asset bubbles, To the virtual market mechanism, the government needs to intervene in the distribution of wealth to avoid over-concentration of social wealth.