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有一篇文章,在分析朱自清的《荷塘月色》的艺术特色时,将“弯弯的杨柳的稀疏的倩影,象是画在荷叶上”一句当作比喻动例子,我们认为是不妥的。在语文教学活的中常有类似情形:一些学生,甚至有的教师,一见“甲象乙”的比况句式,就视之为比喻。理由是句中既有本体“甲”,也有喻体“乙”,还有比喻词“象”或“是”。其实这是一种误解。我们以为:“××象××”这种比况形式的句式大体上有四种情况,即异类作比(比喻)、同类相较(比较)、属种特选(举例)和近似断定(判断) 比喻,常用“甲象乙”,这种典型的比况形式。如:“叶子出水很高,象亭亭的舞女的裙”。(《荷塘月色》)这里的本体“叶子”与喻体“舞女的裙”借助比喻词“象”
There is an article that analyzes the artistic features of Zhu Ziqing’s Moonlight in the Lotus Pond and considers the example of “the sparse shadows of the willows that are bent, as if they were painted on the lotus leaf.” We think that this is not appropriate. . There are often similar situations in Chinese language teaching: some students, even some teachers, see the metaphor of “A-B” as an analogy. The reason is that there are notions “A” and “B” in the sentence and “image” or “is” in the metaphor. This is actually a kind of misunderstanding. We believe that there are roughly four situations in the sentence pattern of “X×X×X””, namely, the comparison of different types (figurative figures), the comparison of similar types (comparisons), the selection of species (examples) and the determination of similarity. (Judgment) Metaphor, commonly used as “A like B”, this typical form of comparison. Such as: “The leaves are very high, like a skirt of a dancing girl.” (“Lotus Pond Moonlight”) The body “leaf” and the metaphor “dancing skirt” use the metaphor “image”