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这是一件众所周知的事实,在化学工業中采用高压和超高压的生产过程,能減小化学反应間的体积,縮短反应所需的时間。因此,高压生产过程的采用日益广泛,特別盛行于各种化学合成法和高压氫化法方面,如提煉矿油、柏油以及制造人造石油等。高压生产过程有很多的好处,但是却帶来了艰巨的任务,首先是这种高压設备的供应問題,高压設备必須抵抗由于压力所生的各种溫度作用(例如氨合成过程中选擇的工作压力达300～350大气压,溫度达480℃)和生产过程中所常發生的化学侵蝕作用。近来,大家对高压設备有了極大的兴趣。这是由于工業化的趋向,而主要是化学重工業的發展所致。起初,高压設备是專門用大塊鋼錠經过鍛造、冲孔、延伸而制成。但是制造这样整体鍛成的鍛件受到某些条件的限制,因为大型平爐,特别是重型的鍛造設备并非任何地方都有。尤其是制造厚壁的有鍛制空腔的容器十分費錢。
It is a well-known fact that the use of high-pressure and extra-high pressure processes in the chemical industry can reduce the volume of chemical reactions and shorten the reaction time. Therefore, the use of high-pressure production process is more and more widely used, especially in various chemical synthesis methods and high-pressure hydrogenation methods, such as refined mineral oil, asphalt and the manufacture of artificial petroleum. The high-pressure process has many benefits, but presents a daunting task. The first is the supply of such high-pressure equipment. High-pressure equipment must withstand the effects of various temperatures due to stress (eg, ammonia selected during the synthesis process Working pressure up to 300 ~ 350 atm, temperature up to 480 ℃) and chemical attack often occurred in the production process. Recently, everyone has great interest in high-voltage equipment. This is due to the trend of industrialization, mainly due to the development of chemical heavy industry. At first, high-pressure equipment was specially made of large steel ingots forging, punching and extending. However, forging such integrally forged parts is subject to certain conditions, since large open hearths, especially heavy forging equipment, are not available anywhere. In particular, the manufacture of thick walled containers with forged cavities can be very costly.